323 



Tho locusts found furtlu r north have consisted ol" several species, most <)r\vhich are 

 known as sedentary; tiiat is, not ordiinirily nii<i:ratory. Hut one of them, namely, tlio 

 Pellnci<l L,ovnst {Cdiniiuhi pellucida), is the sjx'cies that has already done much dam- 

 age, and is one of the I'acilie migratory forms. Conniiencing in Idaho it has been 

 gradually working eastward, and is now found in ])ortions of Montana, North Dakota, 

 Wyonung, and western Nebraska. The gradual eastward spread and increase of this 

 species deserves attention, but so far as the reports go it has nowhere been sufficiently 

 numerous to justify alarm. 



The true Rocky Mountain Locust, the species which we most have to fear (Ca?o/)- 

 teniti spretus), was found in considerable numbers in North Dakota and Minnesota, in 

 some counties proving quite destructive, but owing to vigorous measures which have 

 been ado})ted, especially in Minnesota by the State authorities, chiefly under the direc- 

 tion of Prof. Utto Lugger, of the Minnesota Experiment Station, they have been very 

 largely destroyed, and there is little probability that they will sjirea*! extensively 

 from the localities in which they now occur. The destructive sjjecies most commonly 

 found in southwest Kansas was the Differential Locust (Caloptenus differoiliaUx). It 

 has devastated the alfalfa fields in the irrigated territory along the Arkansas Kiver 

 for a distance of some 50 miles. This is a widespread species east of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, occurring all over the country, and it is one of the species which acquires the 

 power of extended flight only in very dry seasons and under certain favorable condi- 

 tions. Ordinarily the female is too heavy-bodied and short-winged to become migrsi- 

 tory. There is no fear of widespread injury from this species. The accounts from 

 southwest Texas have been very greatly exaggerated, and little injury could lie found 

 by the ag<'nt sent there. The species were also those indigenous to the region and not 

 of a migratory form that had come from other parts. The rei)orts from Ohio and from 

 some of the other Eastern States, though not investigated particularly, need not <on- 

 cern ns, because they are known to be based upon the undue multiplication of some 

 of the indigenous Eastern species, which never ac(juire the destructive powers of the 

 Western migratory forms. 



On the Avhole, therefore, it is safe to conclude that while there are several localities 

 where locusts have been more or less destructive and required attention, there is no 

 cause for widespread alarm and no reason to believe that any general injury will result 

 in 1892. * * " 



EARLY PUBLISHED REFERENCES TO SOME OF OUR INJURIOUS 



INSECTS. IL 



By F. M. "Webster, Columbus, Ohio. 



Of the present known insect pests of the wheat field, indigenous to 

 this country, there are very few that were not known as such during 

 the first three decades of the preseutceutury. The Joint Worm, Isosoma 

 hordei, was observed in its destructive work long before mentioned by 

 either Harris or Fitch. Mr. James Worth, of Sharon, Bucks County, 

 Pa., observed the larv* in 1821,* and not only these but other Avheat 

 stem-burrowing larvae, one of which infested volunteer wheat. The 

 adult of one species, probably the Joint Worm, was reared as early as 

 1823 by Mr. Joseph E. Muse, of Cambridge, E. S., Maryland, who sup- 

 posed it to belong to the genus Tenthredo.t Mr. Worth says one of the 



* American Farmer, Vol. 4, p. 394. 

 tLoccit., Vol..5,p. 113. 



