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fail of reaching and destroying them. Far better a cessation of hos. 
tilities for any six weeks later in the season than for three in early 
spring. It has been stated and reiterated many times that the Codling 
Moth is the only insect against which we need to employ the arsenites 
in early spring, but this is far from the truth. It is conceded that we 
can not destroy the Apple Worm until after the fruit is set and the egg 
deposited thereon, but of the two hundred and eighty known species 
of insect depredators on the Apple (not referring to those infesting 
other fruits) it would be strange indeed if there were no others which 
are specially vulnerable before the setting of the fruit. Let me name 
a few of those that could be reached at this time: 
The well-known Apple-tree Tent-caterpillar of Clisiocampa ameri- 
cana Harris, attacks the bursting buds and the young leaves. 
The caterpillars of the White-marked Tussock-moth (Orgyia leuco- 
stigma Sm.-Abb.) hatch from the eggs about the middle of May and 
commence their destructive work. 
Among the cut-worms there are a number of climbing species, four 
of which have been identified, viz, Agrotis clandestina Harris, A. scan- 
dens Riley, A. messoria Harris, and A. saucia Hiibn., which are. 
known to ascend apple and other fruit trees to feed upon the blossom 
and leaf-buds and the tender leaves. The odd-looking caterpillar of 
Catocala grynea Cramer, feeds on the foliage of the apple in May, and 
those of Catocala ultronia Hiibner are often shaken from plum trees 
when jarring them for the curculio. 
The Canker Worm (Anisopteryx vernata Peck) usually appears as 
the young leaves are pushing from the bud. 
The White Eugonia (Hugonia subsignaria Hiibn.), one of the family 
of measuring worms, occasionally appears in injurious numbers about 
the 1st of May. 
The Oblique-banded Leaf-roller of Cacecia rosaceana Harris, spins 
together the young leaves for its shelter. 
The Lesser Apple-leaf Folder (Teras minuta Rob.) attacks the open- 
ing foliage and folds the leaves for its retreat. 
The Leaf-crumpler (Phycis indiginella Zeller), awakening from its win- 
ter’s sleep and drawing some of the unfolding leaves together, resumes 
its feeding. 
The destructive Eye-spotted Bud-moth (Tmetocera ocellana Schift.), 
so injurious in western New York, after its larval hibernation in its 
half-grown state, makes its formidable attack, first on the buds and 
afterward on the leaves. 
The Apple Bud-worm (Hecopsis malana Fernald) creeps at night from 
its retreat and, after having consumed the terminal buds, feeds upon 
the leaves. 
The Apple-tree Case-bearer (Coleophora malivorella Riley) emerges — 
_ from its peculiar pistol-shaped case in which it has passed the winter, — 
to eat the buds as soon as they begin to swell, and afterwards to skele-_ 
tonize the leaves. j 
