278 
LOWNES’S MONOGRAPH OF THE BLOW FLY. 
The fourth part of Mr. B. T. Lownes’s very elaborate monograph on 
the Anatomy, Physiology, Morphology and Developmentof the Blow t ly 
(Calliphora erythrocephala) has been recently received. If we under- 
stand the author’s intention, the first three parts are to constitute 
Vol. 1, and the fourth, with one or more parts yet to be published, 
Vol. 1, of the Monograph. The first volume deals with the subject 
generally, with the anatomy of the larva, the development of the 
embryo in the egg, and of the nymph in the puparium, as well as with 
the external skeleton of the perfect insect. The second volume deals 
with the various internal organs, their development and physiology, 
and part 4, the first part of this volume, treats of the tracheal system, 
the alimentary canal, and the nervous system. The author, in con- 
nection with the various chapters, gives résumés of the principles of 
anatomy, morphology, and histology as app!ving to insects in general, 
as a sort of introduction to the specific consideration of the form 
studied. With each of the four parts so far issued is given a short 
appendix, with useful details of the methods of study followed by the 
author, including directions for the preparation and mounting of the 
tissues for microscopic study. Scattered throughout the publication 
is also a very extensive bibliography which the author intends shall 
ultimately include all of the works on the subject which he has con- 
sulted, or all which possess historic interest and contain original work. 
The extent of the monograph may be gathered from the fact that it 
has already reached nearly 500 pages, with 33 plates and 61 text 
figures. The illustrations are reproduced directly from the drawings 
of the author, and while not as finished as might be wished, are suf- 
ficiently well made to convey the information intended. It is a well- 
printed work, and will be a very valuable addition to our knowledge 
of the morphology and physiology of insects. 
HIBERNATION OF THE ORANGE FRUIT FLY. 
Mr. 8. D. Bairstow, in the Agricultural Journal, of the Cape of Good 
Hope, for November 2, 1893, states that he has shown by breeding-cage 
experiments that Ceratitis citriperda hibernates in the adult condition 
under dead leaves and other débris, the flies disappearing into hiber- 
nating quarters during April and emerging in October and later. 
FOR PLANT-LICE IN GREENHOUSES. 
Col. Wright Rives, of Rives Station, Md., has for some time past 
obtained most excellent results-in his extensive greenhouses in fumi- 
gating with tobacco smoke against the “ green fly” (plant-lice in gen- 
eral). Most methods of fumigation result in some danger to the plants 
on account of the “heat”-of the smoke. Col. Rives fills a flower-pot 
with tobacco dust, packs it in firmly, and inverts it, leaving the dust in 
