346 
“Prof. E.G. uodeman writes me that I misquoted him on p. 120, line 
6, of the present volume of INSEcT LiFE. Both London purple and 
Paris green were used in Prof. Lodeman’s experiments, but it was only 
the Paris green that he found to possess the fungicidal properties.”— 
[C. P. GILLETTE. | 
THE PHYLLOXERA IN TURKEY. 
It is not in our country alone, says La Nature for January 6, 1894, that 
the Phylloxera is a scourge. For twelve years or more it has ravaged 
the Asiatic coast of the Bosphorus, the territory invaded comprising 
more than 2,000 hectares, in 800 hectares of which the vines are com 
pletely destroyed. Within the last two years the disease has also 
appeared on the European side, where three hectares out of 2,500 have 
been attacked, and one hectare has been completely stripped. On the 
Bosphorus the disease has attacked at Therapia more than forty hec- 
tares, half of which is almost completely ravaged. 
It has been noticed that in the environs of Constantinople the pro- 
gress of the disease has been rather slow. This peculiarity is due to 
the fact that the vines of this region are planted at a depth of one 
meter. Their roots, thus attaining large dimensions underground, offer 
more resistance to the malady and delay its progress. 
No preventive treatment has so far been employed in combatting 
the Phylloxera. The Ottoman Government has contented itself with 
establishing two nurseries of American vines, which distribute Ameri- 
can cuttings gratuitously to viticulturists. In the last two years 200,- 
000 of these cuttings have thus been distributed. The nurseries and the 
school of grafting are under the direction of M. Eckerlin, while the 
inspection of these establishments is confided to a graduate of the 
school of Grignon, Agathou Effendi, inspector of viticulture. The 
results so far obtained are very satisfactory, and permit the hope that 
it will be possible to regenerate the destroyed vineyards. 
Except the Phylloxera law of April 2-14, 1880, which is still in force, 
no legislation has been adopted in Turkey against the disease. 
In consequence of the appearance of the Phylloxera in the environs 
of Constantinople, notably on the Asiatic side, new plantations of vines 
have been made in lands of that vicinity formerly employed in differ-_ 
ent cultures, to replace the vineyards which have become unproduc- 
tive. The area of these new vineyards is actually greater than that 
of the vineyards injured or destroyed, so that the production of grapes 
has remained the same and the price has not advanced. 
The culture of the vine was formerly very prosperous in the province 
of Trebizonde, and was a source of wealth to the inhabitants; but it 
has been abandoned for forty years or more. 
~ 
~ 
‘ 
