365 
The question as to the mode of importation is, then, surrounded with 
considerable difficulty, and it would seem, at the first glance, more 
plausible that the insect had become accidentally established from Cali- 
fornia fruit than from nursery stock. This was the conclusion to which 
Mr. Schwarz came after his investigation. He found that California 
pears are sold in the fruit stores of Charlottesville, and also upon the 
trains of the Richmond and Danville Railroad passing through the city. 
He therefore suggests the plausible idea that some person passing 
along the highway had tossed the rejected portions of a pear over the 
fence, and that from this small beginning the difficulty originated. In 
support of this view it may be stated that the insects gather by pref- 
erence in the pit around the calyx end of the fruit, where they are not 
likely to be noticed and from which point they can not be rubbed in 
polishing the fruit with a cloth. Against it, however, is the further 
fact that not a single specimen of this insect on California pears has 
ever been noticed in the Washington markets. Its appearance is so 
characteristic that it could hardly fail to attract the attention of an 
entomologist, and yet none of our assistants have ever seen one, 
although California pears are extremely abundant on the fruit stands 
of Washington, as in most of our eastern cities. Moreover, the great- 
est care is exercised in California to offer only perfectly clean fruit for 
sale, and there are State laws prohibiting the sale of infested fruit. 
Two years and a half ago a case was reported in the California Fruit 
Grower, where a Riverside fruit dealer was fined $10 for selling fruit 
infested with this scale insect, and since that time the law has been 
more or less rigidly enforced. Moreover, if infested fruit were com- 
monly brought to eastern markets, cases similar to this would have 
been of frequent occurrence. Indeed, it is difficult to suppose that 
in this event the species would not have long since obtained a foot- 
hold all through the East, since it would easily establish itself upon 
almost any deciduous plant near which living specimens might find 
themselves. 
This argunent, written in December, 1893, has been borne out by 
subsequent developments. The San José Scale has since been found in 
great numbers in extensive orchards near De Funiak Springs, Walton 
County, Fla., at Riverside, Charles County, Md., at Neavitt, Talbot 
County, Md., in several localities in New Jersey and eastern Pennsyl- 
vania, and upon a few trees only at Bartle, Washington County, Ind. 
In all of these cases the introduction of the scale has been traced 
directly to nursery stock received from New Jersey or Missouri. 
APPEARANCE OF INFESTED TREES. 
During summer it is noticeable that the scale has a tendency to infest 
only the extremities of the trees or the new growth, especially of the 
lower branches, and the fruit. The leaves are attacked (and Mr. 
