184 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 
63 VICTORIA, A. 1900 
wired so as to prevent the heavy combs from breaking when the honey is being extracted. 
Even in the brood frames, full sheets of foundation are preferable, except perhaps for 
some expert apiarists. 
The time to remove section honey is when the supers are fairly well filled and 
capped ; it is best not to wait until the corner sections are filled, as these if not full 
enough may be put back into the next super. When removing the section honey, start 
shortly before sundown, smoke the bees at the entrance, then take a wide chisel and 
gently pry off the super and stand it on end, close to the entrance of the hive ; leave it 
there a short time, then remove it to the honey room, leaving the doors and windows 
open all night for such bees as still remain on the comb to escape. By the following 
morning all the bees will have either returned to the hive or gone to the fields. The 
doors and windows of the honey room should be closed very early the next morning, 
or robbing! will take place. Comb honey should not remain on the hive to be daubed 
after the sections are sealed. Remove the honey toa very warm dry room, where it 
will ripen thoroughly. The extracting frames may be left on the hive to ripen until the 
busy honey season is over ; they may be tiered up two or three high. When an empty 
super is added, put it at the bottom next to the brood chamber. When removing 
extracting frames, a bee-escape is placed between the extracting super and the brood 
chamber, and at night the bees will descend through this but cannot return again, 
When all the bees are down, remove the frames to the extracting room. All honey, 
whether in comb or extracted, should be kept in a warm, dry room. 
JOHN FIXTER. 
THE WORST WEEDS OF THE NORTH-WEST. 
Strange as in may seem, it is no easy matter to decide off hand what is the worst 
weed in a district, and even in a single locality there is frequently great diversity of 
opinion on this point. Judging from the replies of correspondents, the ‘worst weed in 
the district’ seems to mean the one plant which has given most trouble at a recént date 
to the farmer who happens to be interrogated. 
. There are, however, certain plants which, for one reason or another, every year 
prove to be troublesome and aggressive enemies of the farmer, causing loss of crop, 
necessitating extra labour, or compelling him to treat or utilize his land in a way other 
than he would wish. 
From a close study of this subject in the West during the past five years and after 
consultation with the energetic and competent Weed Inspectors of Manitoba and the 
North-west Territories, Messrs. Charles Braithwaite, of Portage la Prairie, Man., and 
T. N. Willing, of Regina, N.W.T., respectively, it seems to me that the following plants 
are specially noxious, and every effort should be put forth to destroy them when detected, 
or to prevent their introduction to new localities. 
Stink WEED or Penny Cress (Zhlaspi arvense, L.), miscalled sometimes ‘ French 
Weed.’ Annual. Introduced. A most pernicious and persistent weed with a strong 
nauseous odour and which endures the lowest temperatures of the West with impunity. 
Young plants overtaken by winter before their seeds are formed, revive in spring and 
mature in June; the seeds are produced in enormous numbers, and there are two com- 
plete crops ripened every year. This plant belongs to the same natural order as the 
mustard and cress, the turnip, and the cabbage. The milk of cows which eat it, is 
tainted and unfit for food. Asa field pest it is a vigorous grower, crowding the crop 
and robbing the land of moisture. The succulent nature of the leaves and stems render 
- it very dificult to kill unless destroyed when quite young. 
Remedy.— Plough down before the seed pods form and harrow fallow-land constantly 
so as to destroy all seedlings. Land for summer-fallowing upon which plants with fully 
formed pods occur, must be mowed over and the plants burnt before turning down. 
