190 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 
63 VICTORIA, A. 1900 
Native Perennials. 
There are a few native perennial plants which 
are troublesome weeds on farms. Among these 
may be mentioned the WHITE-STEMMED EVENING 
Primrose (Wnothera albicaulis, Nutt.), the 
SpreADING DoGBaNnE (Apocynum androsemifo- 
lium, L.), the BhuE Lerruce (Lactuca pulchella, 
DC.), Sxereron WeEED (Lygodesmia juncea, 
axillaris, Pursh), the Pratrie Rose (Rosa Arkan- 
sana, Porter), and Inp1an Hay, or Sweet Grass 
(Hierochloa borealis, R. & 8.). All of these on 
account of the difficulty with which they are 
eradicated have in different districts been stig- 
matized as ‘the worst weed in the country.’ 
They are all deep-rooting perennials with great 
tenacity of life, and the method which on the 
whole has given the best results,is to plough 
deeply in summer after the plants have drawn off 
a large amount from their supply of reserve 
material laid up by the leaves in the underground 
stems during the preceding summer, The broken 
up root-stocks, however, will still have much 
vitality, and if left undisturbed will throw out 
fresh shoots, and the land will be in a worse con- 
dition than before. To prevent this, about a 
month or less after the first ploughing, the land 
should be disc-harrowed, and this operation should 
be repeated again a month later, when the root- 
stocks of most plants will be so far weakened as 
to be past recovery. A few, however, as the 
Canada Thistle, Blue Lettuce and Sweet Grass, 
may require further treatment and the placing of 
the land under a hoed crop the next year. 
Fic.— 20. Indian Hay. 
Occasional Weeds. 
There are every year, probably dependent on the season, certain plants which, 
appearing suddenly, draw general attention by their abundance over greater or smaller 
areas. Some of these are of little importance, but others sometimes cause considerable 
anxiety and loss. Among these may be mentioned the following :— 
WormsEED Mustarp (Z£rysimum cheiranthoides, L.).—A biennial plant with acrid 
principles in all its parts, the seeds particularly having caused death in cattle when fed 
in quantities among other seeds screened from wheat. 
SMALL-FLOWERED WALLFLOWER (Erysimum parviflorum, Nutt.).—A native biennial, 
sémetimes abundant in land which has been left without summer-fallowing for too long 
a period. 
WrsTERN WALLFLOWER (Lrysimum asperum, DC.).—Last year one of the most con- 
spicuous plants in some crops in western Manitoba and south-eastern Assiniboia was 
the beautiful golden-yellow-flowered Western Wallflower, or Prairie Rocket. This is a 
native biennial very easily pulled from the ground, and, although on account of its 
brightness it was much noticed, it can hardly be classed as a noxious weed. It very 
Don.), Poverty WEED, or Smotherweed (Jva 
ed 
