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structive course. Mr. Baldwin began an equally vigorous defense, 

 going personally into the orchard and superintending the work of fight- 

 ing the white scale. There was every sign, however, that the scale was 

 going to be the victor. Some of the trees were almost ruined by the 

 severity of the application made. Happily, before the pest had gone 

 far in its work, the Vedalia was heard from, and Mr. Baldwin secured 

 a number, which were placed in the hands of one man specially detailed 

 to look after its welfare. This individual spent six weeks in colonizing 

 the Vedalia in various parts of the orchard. After that time a careful 

 examination showed the superintendent that the work of colonizing was 

 so complete that further effort in that line was unprofitable. It was 

 predicted at the time of our visit that a few weeks more would leave the 

 orchard entirely free from the white scale. At Chapman's we found 

 the citrus orchard, formerly so famous, entering the death stages from 

 the white scale, which was now fortunately being so effectually checked. 

 At Pasadena, on the grounds of Prof. Ezra Carr, we found that some of 

 the shrubbery had been seriously injured by the white scale, but thanks 

 to the Vedalia, not a single pest was alive at the time of our visit. Mrs. 

 Jennie Carr pronounced the Vedalia " a miracle in entomology." 



A word in relation to the grand work of the Department in the intro- 

 duction of this one predaceous insect. Without doubt it is the best 

 stroke ever made by the Agricultural Department at Washington. 

 Doubtless other eflbrts have been productive of greater good, but they 

 were of such character that the people could not clearly see and appre- 

 ciate the benefits, so that the Department did not receive the credit it 

 deserved. Here is the finest illustration possible of the value of the 

 Department to give people aid in time of distress. And the distress 

 was very great indeed ; of all scale pests the white scale seems the most 

 difficult to cope with, and had no remedy been found it would probably 

 have destroyed the citrus industry of the State, for its spreading to 

 every grove would probably be only a matter of time. It was the De- 

 partment of Agriculture at Washington which introduced the Wash- 

 ington navel orange into south California, and the Department has now 

 given an effective remedy for the worst scale insect. The people will 

 not soon forget these beneficial acts. 



At Sierra Madre Villa, in the orchard of W. D. Cogswell, a chalcid 

 fly was found to be parasitic on what is there called the red scale. In 

 company with the county insect commissioners and Mr. Coquillett we 

 visited this orchard. It is quite evident that the so-called red scale of 

 this orchard has been greatly checked and may yet be entirely destroyed 

 by the chalcid. At E. J. Baldwin's the commission also found the same 

 scale being destroyed by the same parasite. In this case each parasite 

 destroys but a single insect, and the commissioners were very solicitous 

 and also skeptical as to its ability to rapidly destroy the red scale. 

 Furthermore, they questioned whether the chalcid would destroy the 

 true red scale, as they did not believe that the scale on the orchards 



