311 



68,000; Gard, 60,000; Gironde, 47,000; the western Pyrenees, 75,000; 

 and Var, 47,000. 



The efforts to produce by hybridization Phylloxera-proof varieties 

 have so far not proved successful or popular, as most growers still depend 

 on grafting on the American stock. Another noticeable fact is that the 

 Government does not hesitate in its liberal policy of doing all in its 

 power to aid the afliicted vine-grower, and the law of December 1, 1887, 

 by which the land-tax on newly planted or restored vineyards is re- 

 mitted for four years, is still in force. 



Five years ago the Phylloxera first became known in Algeria, and 

 since then it has been kept pretty well in check by the vigorous meas- 

 ures prescribed by the resolution adopted March 21, 1883. The cost has 

 been great, but the results have fully justified the outlay. The vine 

 there covers nearly 250,000 acres, and the vintage of 1889 shows approxi- 

 mately 66,000,000 gallons of wine. 



A glance at the viticulture of other vine-growing countries shows 

 that the industry is rapidly developing, especially in Chili, CTruguay, 

 the Argentine Republic, and Australia. The Tunisian vineyards pre- 

 sent remarkable developement. 



Spain and Italy are yet suffering severely from Phylloxera. In the 

 former the small proprietors are reduced to the necessity of abandoning 

 the cultivation of their fields or selling them at much depreciated 

 prices. The emigration from Malaga to Brazil and the Argentine Re- 

 public between April and August, 1889, amounted to eleven thousand 

 persons, and may be taken as an index of the situation. 



In Italy about 400,000 acres are affected, and the Government has 

 been forced to forego its first system of defense and resort to American 

 stocks. 



Hungary suffers sorely. About one-third of its plantations are at- 

 tacked and about one-eighth destroyed. 



Austria suffers in almost like proportion. 



In Switzerland the progress of the Phylloxera has been slow, and in 

 Germany and Russia, owing to the measures taken for its suppression, 

 it makes no progress. 



Portugal seems to be in the worst plight of all, for each year the 

 number ot invaded districts increases, chiefly in the north, where there 

 are 250,000 acres of infested vines and 90,000 acres of dead ones. The 

 Douro region aggregates 80,000 dead vines out of a possible 125,000. 



Nowhere has the combat been carried on more energetically than in 

 France, originally the most sorely stricken country, and nowhere has 

 so much success been achieved against Phylloxera attack. 



