964 Eetort of State Geologist. 



either side of the tail render identification easy. From the extreme 

 northwestern part of the State the greater part of the Juncos dis- 

 appear with the coming of severe weather, and return from the south 

 in February or March. They frequent all kinds of places. When 

 they first come, thickets and fence rows are preferred. But while 

 they are with us they frequent stubble and brier-patch, upland and 

 riverside, heavy wood and swampy thicket, and, when the weather is 

 severe and snow covers the ground, the barn yard and door yard. 

 Often they are associated in flocks wiih the Ti'ee Sparrows. The 

 earliest and latest dates of first arrival and of latest departui-e from 

 the localities named are given: Chicago, 111., arrived September 1(>, 

 1890, departed in spring April 30, 1890: Sedan, hid., arrived Septem- 

 ber 30, 1894, departed April 15, 189t>: Lat'nyotto. arrived September 

 22, 1894, October 12, 1895, departed .\pril 18, 189.-), May 2, 1893; 

 Bicknell, arrived October 2, 1895. October 4, 189(i. departe<l April 

 16, 1896. April 22, 1895: Brookville. Oitober 6. 1887, October 19, 

 1895, departed April 11, 1883, April 26, 1892 and 189T: Trafalgar, 

 September 25, 1897. Some years individuals remain in this latitude 

 (luitc late. Pro!'. S. .\. Forbes notes taking ciu' June !>. one mile 

 from the Ohio Kiver, near Elizabetlitown. Hardin County, 111. (Bull. 

 N. 0. Club. July. 188], p. 180). Or. J. M. AVlieaton notes that he 

 has seen it in July, in I'ortagi^ (^ouuly. O.. and says it is "resident 

 throughout the year in northeastern Ohio" (Birds of 0., p. 332). 

 It is a common summer resident in ilicbigan, north of Traverse City. 

 It has been noted at Locke, July 8. 1879: Grand Eapids. July 13. 

 1878 (Cook, Birds of "Mich., p. 115). From Indiana, however, T 

 have no records after early ^hiy. Thry begin to think of mating 

 before they leave us. Sometimes, during a s]iell of warm weather, 

 near the middle of ^Farch, we begin to lu-nr ilieir love songs. The 

 first heard at Brookville in 1896 was April 11. hut this year (1897) 

 I heard tlie first song ]\rarch 18. It raine from a Jumo in an apple 

 tree in my yard. When singing, the bird gets among the thickest 

 of the branches of an apple, cedar or other tree. It is very difficult 

 to see there. AMien singing, it makes little or i\o movement, remain- 

 ing for quite a while in the same i)lace, and when it-s head is turned 

 away from the observer the ventrilo(]uial effect is such that the singer 

 is bard to locate. The Junco ntteis a pleasant, little vibi-atory song, 

 usually ituisistini:- of four notes, all in tbe same key. Often there are 

 but three notes, and occasionally it ittters five or six. The song is 

 repeated every three to five seconds for as much as a <iuarter of an 

 hour at a time, it resiMubles fire-fi-ti-fee. and suggests to me the 

 rattling of a note omm- a i-og wheel, goim^' at an unvarying rate of 



