Birds of Indiana. 1073 



whitish. Adult Female. — Above, dull olive-gray, more or less tinged 

 with olive-green; wings and tail as in male; ring around eye, yellowish; 

 below, whitish, shaded more or less with grayish, the throat and breast 

 showing yellow. 



Length, 4.95-5.60; wing, 2.70-3.00; tail, 2.10-3.45. 



Eange. — Eastern North America, west to Plains; from the- Baha- 

 mas north to New Brunswick, Ontario and Manitoba. Breeds 

 throughout most of its range. Winters from North Carolina and 

 southern Illinois, south. 



Nest, in pine trees, 20 to 80 feet from ground, on horizontal limbs, 

 2 to 12 feet from trunk; of grapevine bark, closely woven, often with 

 cocoons on outside. Inside lined with fine grass, horsehair and feath- 

 ers. Average nest, 1.70 outer depth, 2.80 outer diam.; 1.45 inner 

 depth, 1.55 inner diam. Eggs, 4-5; grayish or bluish-white (rarely 

 pinkish-white), spotted distinctly and obscurely with chestnut and 

 lilac-gray, often forming wreath at larger end; .70 by .53. 



As its name indicates, this is a bird of the pines. But a name 

 does not always mean what it says. Among the Helminthophilas is a 

 pinus, which, perhaps, is so named because it never is found about 

 the pines. Likewise, and among this, a Prairie Warbler that does 

 not inhabit the prairies. Then, too, our joyous little Goldfinch, bub- 

 bling with pleasant emotions that involuntarily come forth as it rides 

 the waves of the wind currents, has been burdened by the sorrowful 

 name tristis. 



In Indiana, the Pine Warbler is generally found as a rarre migrant, 

 though the spring of 1879 it was rather common. In a few localities, 

 preferably where pines are native, a few spend the summer. Mr. 

 J. W. Byrkit informs me it is a summer resident near Michigan City. 

 Mr. E. W. Nelson says: "The first of July, 1874, I found a large num- 

 ber of these birds, with young just old enough to follow their parents, 

 in the Tinery,' and presume they nest there regularly" (Birds N. E. 

 111., p. 100). Dr. A. W. Brayton further adds: "Nelson found both 

 old and young in the pine barrens. Lake County, where they undoubt- 

 edly bred regularly" (Proc. Ind. Hort. Soc, 1879, p. 108). Mr. Kobert 

 Ridgway informs me of its breeding in Knox and Gibson counties. 

 It may be found to breed wherever native pines are found, as it is 

 known to breed nearly throughout its range at different dates; the 

 season beginning in South Carolina in March and in Manitoba in 

 June. 



It is among the early migrants, arriving some years by the middle 

 of April, and not lingering where it does not breed after early May. 



68— Geol. 



