CHARACTERS. 
flesh is likewise considered as a 
dainty, but horse flesh is more com- 
monly eaten by the Nagays, who 
are still attached to théir ancient 
custom. The Tartars rarely kill 
horned cattle ; mutton and goat’s 
flesh constitute the food of the com- 
mon people, especially in the coun- 
try, together with preparations of 
milk and eggs; butter (which they 
churn and preserve in the dry sto- 
machs of oxen); a kind of pelaw, 
made either of dried or bruised un- 
ripe wheat, and which they call 
bulgur; and lastly, their bread is 
generally composed of mixed grain.* 
Their ordinary beverage is made by 
triturating and dissolving cheese in 
water; the former of which is called 
yasma, being prepared from coagu- 
lated milk, or yugurt; but the 
fashionable intoxicating drink is an 
ill tasted and very strong beer, or 
busa, brewed of ground millet. 
Many persons also drink a spirituous 
liquor, arraki, which the Tartar 
mountaineers distil from various 
kinds of fruit, particularly plums. 
It is also extraéted from sloes, dog 
berries, elder berries, and wild 
grapes, but never from the common 
cherry. They likewise boil the ex- 
pressed juice of apples and pears 
into a kind of marmalade, bekmess, 
of the consistence of a syrup, or 
that of grapes into nardenk, as it 
is called; the latter preparation is 
a favourite delicacy, and eagerly 
purchased by the Tartars of the 
Steppes: hence great quantities of 
it are imported in deal casks from 
Anatolia, at a very cheap rate, for 
the purpose of converting into 
brandy. 
789 
In consequence of their tempe- 
rate, simple, and careless mode of 
living ; the warm clothing which 
they wear throughout the summer 5 
and the little fatigue they undergo, 
the Tartars are subjeét to few dis- 
eases; and are, in general, exempt 
from the severe intermittent and bi- 
lious remittent fevers, which com- 
monly attack and prove fatal to fo- 
reigners and new settlers in the 
Crimea. Many natives arrive at a 
vigorous old age; nor do any dis-~ 
orders prevail among them, except 
the itch, arising from sloth or infec- 
tion, and the rheumatic complaints ; 
the latter may be attributed to their 
apartments being too much exposed 
to the current of air, having 
wooden lattices instead of windows, 
and large open chimnies. The 
chambers of the opulent are furnish- 
ed with elevated divans, but those ~ 
of the common people are supplied 
with mattresses and cushions stuffed 
with cotton, and which are disposed 
on the floor around the room, close 
to the walls ; they are used both as 
seats and couches, and are infested 
with fleas, bugs, and other vermin. 
The true leprosy, which the Ural- 
Kozaks term the Crimean disease, 
never occurs in Crim Tartary. 
Character, Habits, and Manners of 
the Maroons, from Dallas’ Hiss 
tory of that People. 
T is not to be doubted that the cli- 
mate of the mountains of Jamai« 
ca, which is seldom less than ten de- 
grees cooler than the low lands of 
the island, the mode of life of the 
3E 3 inhabitants 
-*® Tshavdar is the name given by the Tartars to a mixture of rye and wheat; and 
tshalmalyk is a ne cee of rye and barley, and occasionally also of wheat, 
which kinds of grain t 
ey sow in a mixed state, 
