NATURAL 
method above alluded to (like that 
practised in Hungary) consists ia 
training the vines in the manner of 
bushes with a stump above the root, 
$0 as to produce several prolific 
sHoots: it is, doubtless, far more 
productive, but can only be pur- 
‘sued in the richest soils, and tends 
to exhaust the stocks in a shorter 
Space of time. On account of their 
fertility, the vineyards of these re- 
gions are soldat high prices; though 
the wine is cheap, and the culture 
fequires great labour: they are usu- 
ally estimated, according to the 
number of fruit-bearing bushes, at 
one rouble each. The manner of 
planting the layers, on the banks 
of those rivers, is altogether different 
from that praétised in the southern 
vallies. First, the laud, in which 
such: plantation is intended to be 
made, is prepared by the plough 
and spade: next a post with a point 
of iron or hard wood, is driven per- 
pendicularly into the soil, to a suifi- 
cient depth; so that, when the 
layer is inserted, there may be from 
five to six knots under ground, and 
only two visible above the surface. 
The stake or piece of wood is now 
withdrawn, and a plant deposited in 
each hole ; which is then filled up 
with loose mould, and afterwards 
with water, that remains there fora 
considerable time, owing to the 
compression of the earth, occasion- 
ed by forcing iu the stake. Ac- 
cording to the state of the weather, 
such are subsequently irrigated every 
third or fourth week till autumn, or 
until the layers have taken root. In 
_ the succeeding year the surrounding 
soil is dug up, and these new planta- 
tions are supplied with water from 
canals. 
At Sudagh, and in the other south- 
ern vallies, the vine is planted either 
1 
_remain. 
HI SIT. O R Y. 
according to the Greek mode, in 
small oblong trenches, in each of 
which two or three layers are depo- 
sited in opposite directions, small 
drains being cut from one to ano- 
ther for carrying oft the water; or, 
long parallel trenches are dug, 
wherein the layers are obliquely ar- 
ranged on both sides; the latter me- 
thod has probably been introduced 
by the Genoese. The Tartars, how- 
ever, seldom plant new vineyards, 
and their manner of cultivating the 
yine consists chiefly in making lay- 
ers; in burying the old unproduc- 
tive vine-stocks in deep pits, either 
in the middle or on the borders of 
the plantation ; and in leaving a few 
good branches above ground, on 
which only two eyes are suffered to 
When this operation is 
performed on the borders, with a 
yiew to extend the vineyard, it is 
denominated by the Greek word 
Usatma; and that executed in the 
centre, in order to fill up the vacant 
space, is termed Katayolat. ‘There 
is, likewise, a third method , of 
stocking old plantations, called Dol- 
durma ; it is eifeéted by putting long 
twigs deeply into the soil, and se-, 
parating them from the parent 
trunk, as soon as they have taken 
root. By such injudicious treat- 
ment, however, all the vines in the 
plantations on the southern shore 
are irregularly set ; their roots pro- 
miscuously intertwining, not unlike 
espaliers, under ground. ‘There are 
only a few foreign proprietors, who 
have lately applied themselves to 
the propagation of this useful shrub, 
by forming new plantations. 
As the vine is never covered with 
soil, during the winter, in any of 
the southern vyallies, where it re- 
ceives no injury from the severest 
frosts, avd as the ‘lartars stir the 
surrounding 
$15 
