A NWCTTE-Q°Urd Tid E 
the priorideas, but in the primaryand 
original ideas of all. He considers 
the church as denominated the 
church of tron from the castle, this 
* being, in those times, a place of 
great note and strength.’ From 
Leland’s account, one may gness, 
he adds, what a stately castle this 
formerly was: yet, he remarks, 
that ‘* there is not room enough 
about it for so great a pile ; so that, 
i believe, the eight towers mention- 
ed by Leland were only turrets.” 
And the faét is this, freed from all 
its contradi¢tions and embarrass- 
ments. ‘The castle consisted only 
of seven towers, as Leland had cor- 
rected his eight in the M.S. These 
were not entire, even in Leland’s 
time. The castle was, he says, 
** sumstyme a castelle of a seven 
toures,” and was then ‘* decaying 
for lak of coverture.”” It had been 
long deserted. Its roofs had fallen 
in. And its seven towers had al- 
ready begun to moulder away into 
ruins, Of these, however, ‘* six 
were standing within 30 years’ he- 
fore Mr. Tonkin’s writing, or since 
the commencement of the present 
century. These had stood all the 
beating rains and shaking storms of 
a region, peculiarly exposed to 
the watery turbulence of the Atlan- 
tic, for a whole century and a half. 
But they had been crumbling insen- 
sibly away under ali. At last, I 
suppose, four of the six were thrown 
to the ground, in that great storm 
of November, which came sweeping 
with such violence over the Atlan- 
tic, which has made the year 1703 
so memorable in our annals by its 
destruétiveness, and the fury of 
which must have been peculiarly 
felt here. Two of its towers re- 
mained within the memory of some 
diving in 1708. These were ad- 
859 
joining to the water. One of these 
were standing within the memory of 
Mr. Tonkin. This ‘ was so large, 
that if the other seven [six] were 
equal to it, the whole building must 
be of a prodigious magnitude. And 
‘¢ I wish,” he subjoins, ‘¢ I had 
taken a draft of it, as I often in- 
tended.” This, however, was not 
‘¢ the body of the whole.” Nor 
were ‘+ the eight [seven | towers 
mentioned by Leland ouly turrets, 
and appendices to this principal 
part.” This was merely ‘¢ the big- 
gest and loftiest.””. The whole cas- 
tle, says tradition, spread over the 
higher ground immediately is the 
north. ‘This, indeed, makes it a 
large building. But so it must have 
been from its denomination of a 
castle, from its being ‘* the princi- 
pal house” of its lords; from the 
number of its towers: and from the 
general extent assigned it by tradi- 
tion. The grand part of the castle, 
in modern time, appears to have. 
been that tower, which was so su- 
perior to the rest, and formed a dis- 
tinét fortress of itself. ‘This, says 
tradition, was round in itsform. It 
is stiil remembered by tho appella- 
tion of the round tower. And the 
others were consequently square. 
This was the keep or dungeon of 
the castle. It was the place in 
which the lord kept the prisoners of 
his baronial judicature. The inte- 
rior fortress of a castle obtained the 
denomination of a keep, from keep- 
ing the prisoners in it, as a prison 
has now acquired the occasional ap- 
pellation of a dungeon, from the 
baronial prisons being in the dun- 
geon or inner fortress. And alow, 
a deep, asubterraneous part of a 
prison, is peculiarly entitled a dun- 
geon now ; from the baronial prison 
being low, deep, and subterraneous. 
This 
