HISTORY OF EUROPE. 207 
CHAP. XI, 
Rupture between Russia and Turkey. —Cazses that led to it.—Invasion of 
Moldavia and Wallachia by the Russians. —Slate of the Turkish Empire. — 
Continuance of Var between the Russians anid Persians,—Inatercourse 
between France and Persia.—Austria displeased with the Russians jor 
tnvading Turkey.—Internal Ajfairs of dustria.—Courts of Inquiry.— 
Military Reforins.—Conduct of the King of Sweden.— Annexation of 
Holstein to Denmark.—Holland erected into a Kingdom in favour of 
_ Lewis Bonaparte.—Internal Affairs. of Holland.—Speech of his Batavian 
Majesty at the vpening of the Dutch Legislature— Domestic Affairs of 
France.—Strains of Klattery addressed to Bonaparle—at Munich—at 
Drris.— Meeting of the French Legistature—Opening Speech of the 
Emperor.— Report of the State of the Empire by Champagny.—Imperial 
Decrees.—Venice annexed to the Kingdom of Italy.—Naples ‘given to 
Joseph Bonaparte.—Berg and Cleves to Murat.—Guastalla to Prince 
. Borghese.— Neufchatel to Berthier.— Revival df Feudal Benefices in Italy. 
— Benevento assigned to Talleyrand—and Ponte Corco fo Bernadotte.— 
Order of the Iron Crown —M essage to the French Senate, communicating 
the Berlin Decree—Report on the French Finances.—Revival of the 
Tax on Sualt.—Convocation of the Jewish Sanhedrim at Paris.—Co-esta- 
blishment uf the Jewish with the Catholic, Lutheran, and reformed Religions. 
—Ideus of Religious Toleration entertained in Praace.—Prohibition of 
Commerce in English Goods throughout Switzerland.— Proclamation of the 
Papal Government against harbouring Malcontents in the States of the 
Church.—Warlike Preparations in Spain—suddenly Countermanded.— 
Danger of Portugal during the Negotiation between France and England. 
Threats of invading that Kingdom by the Vrench.—Ear] St. Vincent sent 
with a Fleet to the 
Gwvernment.— Army assembled at 
Tagus with offers of Assistance to the Portugueze 
Plymouth.—General Simeve and Earl of 
Rosslyn sent to Portugal.—Instructions of the English Commissioners.— 
Result of the Expedition equally uscful aud honourable to Eugland. 
\ HILE these events were pass- 
ing in Poland, hostilities 
broke out unex ectedly between 
Rassia and the Porte. This termina. 
tion of the friendship and alliance 
which had subsisted between these 
two powers since the invasion of 
Ezypt by Bonaparte, was brought 
about partly by the machina- 
tions of the French ambassador at 
Constantinople, and partly by the 
inconsiderate ambition and preci- 
pitate violence of the court of St. 
Petersburg, 
It had been settled by a conven« 
tion between Russia and Virkey in 
3 1806, 
