862 
The usual mode of training the 
vines is by basket-work fixed to 
espaliérs, about five fect high ; but 
in some vineyards they are led up 
trees, or high poles ; and in others, 
cut down to the height of two or 
three feet, as at the cape of Good 
Hope. In some places, the hills 
are terraced, in order to retain the 
soil, by stone walls. The process 
of making the wine is very simple. 
The grapes are picked from the 
stalk, thrown into a vat, pressed 
first with the feet and afterwards by 
a weighted wooden lever. ‘The pro- 
prietor of the land and the collector 
of the taxes for the crown, both 
attend at the press; the latter takes 
out of the tub his tenth of the whole 
must, after which the remainder is 
equally divided between the Jand- 
owner and the tenant. Each takes 
with him a sufficient number of 
porters to carry away their respec- 
tive shares, sometimes in barrels, and 
sometimes in goat-skin bourachas, 
to the eellars in Funchal. ‘The 
English merchants usually supply 
the farmers beforehand with money, 
to enable them to make amore ex. 
tensive tillage. 
General Observations on the Brazils. 
From the same. 
The antipathy of the Brazilians 
to the Portuguese is so great that 
the viceroy is not able, without 
some difficulty, to keep up an esta- 
blishment of twelve rowers of the 
state-barge. These were the only 
real natives we had an opportunity 
of seeing during our stay of three 
weeks. Their features were not 
much different from those of the 
Malays, ‘Tartars, and Chinese. 
Their stature was short, They 
3 
ANNUAL REGISTER, 1806. 
appeared to be of a grave and seri- 
ous disposition, seldom speaking to 
each other, and indicating an aver- 
' sion to communicate with strangers. 
They had long black hair, and the 
beard was visible only on the upper 
lip and under the chin. Those who 
engage in this service are said to be 
so much detested by their country~ 
men, as to prevent them from ever 
returning to the horde, apprehensive 
that if once in their possession they 
would certainly be put to death. 
When the Portuguese were suffi- 
ciently convinced of the inefficacy 
of the attempt to reduce the Brazi- 
lians to slavery, or to compel them 
to submit to the labours of agri- 
culture, their next recourse was to 
the settlements they had already ac- 
quired on the coast of Africa for 
a supply of negroes. Whole cargoes 
of these ill-fated people were annu- 
ally transported from their native 
countsy and their connections, cut 
off from every hope of returning 
aud doomed to toil for the remain- 
der of their days in the foreign fields 
of South America. ‘The number 
which at present is said to be annu- 
ally imported amounts, on an ave~ 
rage, to twenty thousand; and as 
this demand is constant, whilst the 
quantity of produce is supposed to 
be little, if at all increased, for seve- 
ral years past, there are strong 
grounds to suspect that at least an 
equal number to those imported 
must be destroyed every year. Yet 
these people make a boast of treat- 
ing their slaves better than any other 
nation. The French and the Dutch 
do the same; and they all unite in 
asserting that the English are the 
most cruel to their slaves. Peaple, 
however, are apt to differ in their 
notions of humanity, as well as on 
less important points; and, tee 
the 
