USEEU.L: PROJECTS. 
practice, by a succession of superior 
crops, and the example of his more 
intelligent neighbours. Mr. Rogers, 
of Ardley, in Essex, has found long 
dung preferable to short, not only 
for corn but for turnips and potatoes, 
and a considerable number of the 
best agriculturalists in Norfolk, 
have adduced their experience ia 
favour of the practice. Mr. Eng- 
_ Jand, Mr. Reeve, Mr. Dursgate, and 
-Several others, however, have relin- 
quished the practice of using long 
dung, from a conviction that rotten 
is preferable in almostevery respect. 
With regard to the nature of dung, 
all organized bodies are resolvable 
into hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, 
carbon, phosphorus, and sulphur, 
and the mixture of animal and vege- 
table matter, which is called dung, 
contains all these. ‘The grand pro- 
perty ef dung is to yield immediate 
_ food to plants; it opens the soil, if 
strong; it attracts moisture, and 
by the fermentation which it ex- 
ckes in the soil produces the de- 
composition of whatever vegetable 
particles may be already in the land ; 
its effects have powerful progressive 
influences to produce a great crop 
of leaf, root, and stalk, and by its 
shade and fermentation, leaves the 
land in better order for succeeding 
erops. The circumstances to be 
attended to in the collecting yard 
and stable dung in receptacles are 
few, but very important ; the most 
niaterial is the spreading over the 
yard a layer of earth or peat, to 
receive the moisture from the dung, 
and prevent its being wasted. This 
Manure requires no preparation; 
no stirring, mixing; or turning, but 
if the weather should occasion too 
much fermentation, it may be ad- 
- vantageous to scatter a quantity of 
969 
the same earth over the surface, as 
was made use of for the under-layer, 
As to the state in which tt is to be 
applied, upou the prineiples detailed 
above, it is to be carried to the 
land as soon as circumstances of 
crops and convenience will permit. 
The application deserves attention, 
for ali dung should be applied to 
hoeing crops, to layers, or to grass 
lands, and never to white corn ; but 
this is more essential with fresh long 
dung than with that which is short, 
for there will be many more seeds of 
weeds remaining in it, which have 
not been destroyed by fermentation, 
and would consequently grow, and 
render the land foul. If the dung 
is turnedin for any crop soearly, 
that more tillage is to be given be- 
fore sowing or planting, it should 
be ploughed in deep enough for the 
successive operations, not to bring 
it nearer the surface ; for all animal 
and vegetable manures have a eon- 
stant tendency to rise, as fossil ones 
have to sink. The right quantity 
of dung must be found by experi- 
ment; butif it has been found to 
answer on any soil in a particular 
proportion, that proportion may be 
retained. And as it is generally 
allowed that dung divides and 
loosens the constituent parts of the 
soil, by fermentation, it is applicable 
to all; but it must necessarily have 
‘a more desirable effect on soils toe 
compact, than on others already toe 
light. 
The seep roxp-is a method of 
manuring which is universally 
known, The immediate application 
of dung and urine to all soils, and 
of treading to loose ones, is too 
generally practised to need recom. 
mendation. This circumstance may, 
perhaps, tend to elucidate the pro- 
priety 
