ANTIQUITIES. 
lake being very narrow, it does not 
Taise the water in the lake so much. 
My people frequently got out of the 
boats, and walked on the tops of the 
houses,’ but weie sometimes in dan- 
ger, often meeting with places be- 
yond their depth ; one of them hav- 
ing shot at a flamingo, and broke tts 
wing, pursued it over these houses, 
where the boats could not go, and 
had nearly lost his life by falling into 
some deep holes. Many parts of 
this lake are now scarcely navigable, 
and particularly towards Tunis, 
since the Moors will not take the 
trouble to clear away the immense 
quantity of mud’ and filth, that 
is continually washing into it, from 
the city of Tunis, and which has 
been accumulating for many centu- 
ries. 
The ruins of ancient Carthage 
are about twelve miles north west 
from Tunis, in a pleasant situation, 
and reckoned very, healthy, com- 
manding an extensive prospect over 
the guiph of Tunis, as weil as the 
interior of the country, but there 
are no fresh running streams of wa- 
ter near them; to remedy this incon- 
venience, the Carthaginians, at the 
time of their prosperity, were at im- 
mense labour and expence in con- 
ducting a considerable stream of 
fresh water from the mountain 
Zuan, about forty-five miles south- 
east from Cafthage. This stream 
is still very remarkable for its good 
quality in dying scarlet, and the 
Tunisians are now obliged to carry 
all their articles that are to dyed of 
that colour, to Zuan. The length 
of this aqueduct is above seventy 
miles, and by means of it the Car- 
thaginians conducted the stream 
through mountains and over val- 
leys; considerable remains of it 
are still to be seen:. near Udena 
there is a range of above onethousaud 
3 
991 
arches, where it had been conveyed 
across a valley: some of the arches 
in the middle of the valley are above 
one hundred feet bigh. I have every 
reason to believe this aqueduct, but 
more particularly this great range of 
arches near Udena, had been repair- 
ed by the Romans, every arch being 
regularly numbered in Roman cha- 
raciers. In building this aqueduct, 
they have made use of a strong ce- 
ment, which seems to be aS durable 
as the stones themselves, though they 
are harder than our limestene of a 
yellowish colour. In the conduit 
where the waters have run, there is 
a cement of about four inches thick, 
which in some places has fallen down 
in flakes one bundred feet in length, 
yet sull adheres together. The con- 
duit is about six feet high within, 
and four feet broad, yet two people 
cannot conveniently walk abreast 
within it, by: reason of its being 
arched to a point at top. At Uriana, 
a village four miles north-west from 
Tunis, many arches of the aqueduct 
are of a considerable height, but not 
in so perfect a state as at Udena, the 
Bey of Tunis having taken away 
many of the stones to build his pa- 
lace at Manuba.’ Where the stream 
has been conveyed through a moun- 
tain, at every sixty yards, there is a 
round hole about four feet in diame- 
ter, and yery neatly walled with . 
hewn stone, and the wall is continued 
about four feet above the surface of 
the earth, to prevent any thing falling 
in; the stones are very neatly round- 
ed at top. \ 
There is no difficulty in tracing 
the remains of this aqueduct, all the 
way from Zuan to Carthage, follow- 
ing the course of it through moun- 
tains and over valleys. In magni- 
tude it far exceeds any thing I have 
yet seen in Asia or Europe, of either 
ancient or modern archiiecture; it 
has 
