MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. 
J boarded and educated other scholars, 
_ But within these two years the name 
has been formally changed for the 
common appellation of Lyceums. 
The most important is that at Paris, 
_ formerly the college of Louis the 
Great. The direct:r Champagne, 
a member of the Institute, and a 
man of considerable talents, gave 
me a plan of the education here pur- 
sued, with 2 work written by himself, 
on the organization of public in- 
struction. The importance of the 
subject will merit a few extracts and 
observations. 
It was under the administration of 
Francois de Neufchateau, that the 
new name of Prytaneum was adopt- 
ed; and when Chaptal became mi- 
nister of the interior,-one hundred 
and eighty scholarships were granted 
at the public expence, and soon after 
one hundred others, all to be named 
by the first consul. It was at the 
same time permitted that other 
children might share the advantage 
of the careful education proposed, 
on paying a moderate salary. This 
institution is immediately under the 
care of the minister of the interior, 
who names the directors and pro- 
fessors. Mass is celebrated every 
morning, but no blame is attached 
to those who do not attend: gym- 
nastic exercises are also mingled with 
instructions in the moral duties to- 
wards their parents, their country, 
and the Supreme Being; but each 
scholar is at perfect liberty to follow 
his own mode of worship. 
Instead of the old pedanticroutine, 
simple and practical methods have 
been adopted. Instead of a general 
tinge of superficial knowledge, the 
talents and inclination of the scho- 
lars are carefully observed, and 
directed to such studies as they may 
pursue with most advantage. 
1003 
The course of study is divided inta 
three distinct parts. Children are 
first taught the French language and 
grammar, a first and indispensable 
branch, which ‘is never neglected 
during the whole period of instruc 
tion. The Latin tongue is carefully 
taught by the methods of Condillac 
and Dumarsais, which spare the time, 
and sometimes prevent the disgust of 
the scholars. In this first course, 
all are taught the elements of arith. 
metic. 
To this course, merely elemental 
and grammatical, succeeds another, 
in which the scholars are taught 
composition ; and instituted in the 
elements of literature, French, La- 
tin, and Greek. 
In the third course, the education 
is completed by that kind of instruce 
tion which is adapted to their talents 
and inclinations: rhetoric, philoso- 
phy, and the mathematics, with 
mechanics, surveying, and the first 
principles of astronomy and chemis- 
try, are laid before the students. 
Geography is not only studied, but 
accompanied with tbe practical art 
of drawing maps and plans. In 
history, the scholars write d®wn the 
lessons, so as to form a little collec- 
tion of their own composition. In 
the second and third course all are 
taught the Gerntan and English 
languages ; and the study of drawing 
is alike universal. A fencing master 
and a dancing master are each 
charged with a class of twenty-five 
scholars, chosen for their ‘good 
behaviour; but any may be taught 
these arts, and music, at the expence 
of their parents.. Gymnastic and 
military exercises, and swimming, 
are practised by all on the days of 
vacation. The instruction is not 
uniform, a plan rather calculated to 
enchain than to develope the facul- 
ties, 
