.H2 



ANNUAL REGISTER, isi4. 



whicli however but few Arme- 

 nian females were present, because 

 tliey live very retired, and seldom 

 show themselves to strangers. 



I returned the following day 

 from Nachtschiwan to Tscher- 

 kassk, where 1 stayed but a few 

 hours, and immediately made an 

 excursion among the Calmucks 

 settled on the opposite shore of the 

 Don. These, like the Don Cos- 

 sacks, to whom they are accounted 

 to belong, are divided into regi- 

 ments of 500 men, each of which 

 is under a colonel and major (Jes- 

 «aui). Only one company of these 

 Calmucks, under a Ssotnik, was 

 encamped here in their ordinary 

 felt tents or jnrtes, and they ap- 

 peared to be in indigent circum- 

 stances. These Calmuck Cos- 

 sacks have by right their pasturage 

 between the Don, the river Ssai, 

 and the great Manytsch, and are 

 totally distinct from the Wolga 

 Cossacks in the government of 

 Astrachan. 



On the Distribution of the Inhabi- 

 tants oj" Russia. Translated 61/ 

 T. C Hermann, from the Me- 

 moirs of the Imperial Academy 

 of Sciences of St. Petersburgh. 



Distribution according to the Na- 

 tions. 



The total population of a coun- 

 try makes us acquainted with its 

 physical force ; the distribution 

 of that population gives us its 

 moral force. 



Those people who are sprung 

 from the same origin usually speak 

 the same language, and have the 

 aame manners and customs. They 

 understand one another, resemble 



one another, and consider them- 

 selves as members of the same 

 family. The more savage or bar- 

 barous a people is, the more does 

 this difference influence its con- 

 duct towards strangers. It is very 

 difficult for Government to efface 

 these characteristic distinctions, in 

 order to establish the necessary 

 union in a political body composed 

 of different nations. The pro- 

 gress of knowledge certainly di- 

 minishes the effect of these na- 

 tional distinctions. Hence it hap- 

 pens that the higher ranks in all 

 nations have a considerable resem- 

 blance to each other : but know- 

 ledge is not easily diffused among 

 the lower orders of society. The 

 most enlightened governments h;ive 

 endeavoured to destroy these dis- 

 tinctions. Russia has at all limes 

 followed this great principle. The 

 new divisions of France had the 

 same object. England has at last 

 admitted the Scotch and the Irish 

 into her Parliament. 



Religion for a long time had a 

 striking effect upon politics. From 

 the end of the 15th century to 

 that of the 17th the character of 

 the politics of cabinets w^as reli- 

 gious. The 18th century bears the 

 character of the mercantile sys- 

 tem : and that of the 19th is re- 

 volutionary. Various governments 

 have adopted the principles of 

 toleration : but in some states it is 

 political, without being religious ; 

 in others religious but not political. 

 It is only in France, in Prussia, 

 and in Russia, that it bears the 

 double character of religion and 

 politics. 



The distribution of population 

 according to the nations is one of 

 the most interesting statistical in- 

 c[uiries. The farmer is attached 



