MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 



479 



ah!e person, that further to the 

 south he has seen, at the houses 

 of wliat are called gentlemen, the 

 youn^ blacks waiting at table, 

 quite naked ; without discovering 

 any appearance of shame either in 

 master or slave. 



There is a very striking contrast 

 between the appearance of the 

 horses or teams in Pennsylvania, 

 and those in the Southern States 

 where slaves are kept. In Penn- 

 sylvania we meet great numbers of 

 waggons, drawn by four or more 

 fine fat horses; the carriages firm 

 and well made, and covered with 

 stout, good linen, bleached almost 

 white; and it is not uncommon to 

 see 10 or 15 together, travelling 

 cheerfully along the road, the 

 driver riding on one of the horses. 

 Many of these come more than 

 300 miles to Philadel^jhia, from 

 the Ohio, Pittsburgh, and other 

 places ; and I have been told by a 

 respectable friend, a native of 

 Philadelphia, that more than 1,<100 

 covered carriages frequently come 

 to Philadelphia market. Indeed 

 the appearance of them on market- 

 days, in Market-street, which is 

 two miles in length, and about 40 

 yards in width, is such as no 

 stranger can have a just conception 

 of; to say nothing of the adjoining 

 streets, which are crowded with 

 farmers' carts and waggons from 

 every quarter. 



The appearance of things in the 

 Slave States is quite the reverse of 

 this. We sometimes meet a ragged 

 black boy or girl, driving a team 

 consisting of a lean cow and a 

 mule; sometimes a lean bull or 

 an ox, and a mule; and I have 

 seen a mule, a bull, and a cow, 

 each miserable in its appearance, 

 cotnposing one team, with a hull- 



naked black slave or two, riding or 

 driving, as occasion suited. The 

 carriage or waggon, if it may be 

 called such, appeared in as wretch- 

 ed a coudition as the team and its 

 driver. Sometimes a couple of 

 horses, mules, or cows, &c. would 

 be dragging a hogshead of tobacco, 

 with a pivot or axle driven into 

 each end of the hogshead, and 

 something like a shaft attached, by 

 which it was drawn or rolled along 

 the road. I have seen two oxen 

 and two slaves pretty fully em- 

 ployed in getting along a single 

 hogshead ; and some of these come 

 from a great distance inland. 



In conversation with H. B. he 

 related to me an affecting narrative 

 of a black boy, who came under 

 the observation of his brother J. R. 

 and resided near his dwelling at 

 Lewis-Town, in Delaware State. 

 It happened that the master of this 

 poor lad had missed a piece of 

 leather, and he charged the boy, 

 who was his slave, with stealing it. 

 The boy denied the charge. 

 However, as the master was un- 

 able to discover what was become 

 of the leather, and looked upon 

 the denial of the charge as a thing 

 of course, he was very much 

 irritated that he was unable to 

 bring any proof against the lad. 

 In order to extort confession, the 

 master tied him up by the hands, 

 a considerable height from the 

 ground, and fixed a heavy piece 

 of wood (a fence rail) to his feet. 

 In this situation he beat the poor 

 boy in so uimierciful a manner, 

 that he died under the torture thus 

 cruelly inflicted by his brutal 

 master. Scarcely had the poor 

 little innocent breathed his last, 

 under these torments, before the 

 master's son, smitten with remorse 



on 



