592 ANNUAL REGISTER, IS 12. 



iiier have two churches, the latter 

 one. There are perhaps one thou- 

 sand Persians who live in a cara- 

 vanserai, and manage by caravans 

 the trade of their own country. 

 Trebisond is the port on the Black 

 Sea, to which the commerce of 

 Constantinople is conveyed. The 

 Turkish inhabitants of Arz-roum 

 are fifty thousand families. This 

 amount of the population I give 

 from the authority of a well-in- 

 formed Armenian ; but as all such 

 details in a country so ill-regulated 

 are exceedingly suspicious, I have 

 already taken the liberty to deduct 

 more than one-third from the num- 

 ber of Turkish families in the ori- 

 ginal estimate. But the reduced 

 statement still leaves in Arz-roum, 

 at the rate of five persons in a fa- 

 mily, a total of two hundred and 

 fifty thousand persons besides Ar- 

 menians. 



The climate of Arz-roum is very 

 changeable, and must in winter be 

 piercingly cold. It rained through- 

 out the whole of the 19th, but the 

 clouds dis|)ersed on the morrow, 

 and discovered the adjacent hills 

 overspread with snow. The high 

 lands which arise from the plain 

 around, attract constant thunder- 

 storms ; the elevation, indeed, of 

 the whole region from the base of 

 the sea itself is very considerable, 

 and is sufficient to account for the 

 cold. 



Inhabitants of Buenos Ayres. 



From Mawe's Travels in Brazil, 



The population of Buenos Ayres 

 and its immediate suburbs, exclu- 

 «ve of the country in its vicinity. 



has been ascertained to amount to 

 upwards of sixty thousand souls. 

 The proportion of females to 

 males is said to be as four to one, 

 but if we take into consideration 

 that many men are almost daily 

 arriving from Europe, as well as 

 from the South American pro- 

 vinces, and that under the old 

 government neither the militia nor 

 the marine was recruited from the 

 mass of the population, we shill 

 find reason to conclude that the 

 proportion of the sexes is not so 

 unequal. In the interior the ex- 

 cess of males is very great, for as 

 the lands are granted in large 

 tracts only, and but poorly culti- 

 vated, there is no encouragement 

 for the labouring classes to marry 

 and settle upon them. The poor 

 are compelled to remain single 

 from the very bare resources on 

 which they depend for subsistence, 

 and are accustomed to consider the 

 married states as fraught with hea- 

 vy burthens and inevitable misfor- 

 tunes. It is not uncommon to find 

 estates larger than an English coun- 

 ty with hardly more than a hun- 

 dred labourers upon them, who 

 subsist upon the sale of a little corn 

 which each is permitted to grow 

 for himself, but only to such an 

 extent as a single man can 

 plough. 



The various races which com- 

 pose the population are as fol- 

 low : — 



1. Legitimate Spaniards or Eu- 

 ropeans. In Buenos Ayres there 

 are about three thousand ; in the 

 interior the number is very tri- 

 fling, except in Potosi, which, 

 being a mining country, contains 

 many. 



2. Creoles ; legitimate descend- 

 ants from Spaniards or Europeans. 



3. Mestizos, 



