The necessary ingredients are placed in a kettle and a sufficient 

 quantity of cold water added to cover them; they are then boiled 

 until dissolved, being occasionally stirred in the meantime, and after the 

 materials are dissolved the boiling should be continued for about an 

 hour, and a considerable degree of heat should be emploj^ed so as to 

 keep the preparation in a brisk state of ebullition, cold water being 

 added in small quantities whenever there are indications of the prepa- 

 ration boiling over. Too much cold water, however, should not be 

 added at one time, or the boiling process will be arrested and thereby 

 delayed, but by a little practice the operator will learn how much 

 water to add so as to keep the preparation boiling actively. Stirring 

 the preparation is quite unnecessary during this stage of the work. 

 When boiled sufficiently it will assimilate perfectly with water, and 

 should then be diluted with the proper quantity of cold water, adding 

 it slowly at first and stirring occasionally during the process. The 

 undiluted preparation is pale yellowish in color, but by the addition 

 of water it becomes a very dark brown. Before being sprayed on 

 the trees it should be strained through a fine wire sieve, or through a 

 piece of Swiss muslin, and this is usually accomplished when pouring 

 the liquid into the spraying tank, by means of a strainer placed over 

 the opening through which the preparation is introduced into the 

 tank. 



The preparing of this compound will be greatly accelerated if the 

 resin and caustic soda are first pulverized before being placed in the 

 boiler, but this is quite a difficult task to perform. Both of these sub- 

 stances are put up in large cakes for the wholesale trade, the resin 

 being in wooden barrels, each barrel containing a single cake weighing 

 about 375 pounds, while the caustic soda is put up in iron drums con- 

 taining a single cake each, weighing about 800 pounds. The soda is 

 the most difficult to dissolve, but this could doubtless be obviated by 

 first dissolving it in cold water and then using the solution as required. 

 This insecticide may be applied at any time during the growing season. 

 A stronger wash is required for the San Jose scale (Aspidiotus per- 

 niciosus Comstock) , and the following formula gives the best results : 



Resin pounds. . 30 



Caustic soda (70 per cent) do 9 



Fish oil pints. . A\ 



Water enough to make. gallons. . 100 



Place all the ingredients in a kettle and cover with water to a depth 

 of 4 or 5 inches; boil briskly for about 2 hours or until the com- 

 pound can be perfectly dissolved with water. When this stage is 

 reached the kettle should be filled up with water, care being taken not 

 to chill the wash by adding large quantities of cold water at once. It 

 may be thus diluted to about 40 gallons, the additional water being 

 added from time to time as it is used. 



This preparation should only be applied during winter or during the 

 dormant period ; applied in the growing season it will cause the loss of 

 foliage and fruit. 



