In the application of both these washes a very fine spray is not 

 essential, as the object is not simply to wet the tree but to thoroughly 

 coat it over with the compound, and this can be best accomplished by 

 the use of a rather coarse spray which can be thrown upon the tree 

 with considerable force. 



FOR SUBTERRANEAN INSECTS. 



Recent experiments have shown the practical value of the resin 

 compounds against the Grape Phylloxera; and they will also be appli- 

 cable to the Apple Root-louse and other underground insects. The 

 cheapest and at the same time one of the most satisfactory compounds 

 experimented with is the following: 



Caustic soda (77 per cent.) pounds. . 5 



Resin do 40 



"Water to make gallons. . 50 



Dissolve the soda over fire with 4 gallons of water; add the resin, 

 and after it is dissolved and while boiling add water, slowly, to make 

 50 gallons of compound. For use dilute to 500 gallons. Excavate 

 basins about the vines 6 inches deep and about 2 feet in diameter, and 

 apply to each vine 5 gallons. The results will be more satisfactory if 

 the treatment is made early in the spring so that the rain of the season 

 will assist in disseminating the wash about the roots. 



The kerosene emulsion made according to the formula given above 

 is also applicable to certain underground insects in cases where it will 

 not prove too expensive, as, for instance, the grape phylloxera or where 

 white grubs are infesting a valuable lawn. It may then be used in the 

 proportion of 1 part of the emulsion to 15 gallons of water, applied 

 liberally to the soil, and afterwards washed down at frequent intervals 

 with large quantities of water for several days. This can be done 

 onty where there is plenty of water at hand, but will be found of 

 great value in special cases. 



In other cases bisulphide of carbon may be used for specific and 

 local underground forms. Nests of ants, for instance, may be des- 

 troyed by pouring an ounce of this substance into several holes, cover- 

 ing them with a wet blanket for 10 minutes and afterwards exploding 

 the vapor at the mouth of the holes with a torch. Against Onion, 

 Cabbage, and Radish maggots this substance may also be used by 

 punching a hole with a sharp stick at the base of the plant and pouring 

 in a teaspoonful of the liquid, covering afterwards with earth. 



THE ARSENITES: LONDON PURPLE, PARIS GREEN, AND WHITE 



ARSENIC. 



These poisons are of the greatest service against all mandibulate 

 insects, as larvae and beetles, and they furnish the most satisfactory 

 means of controlling most leaf-feeders, and the best wholesale remedy 



