386 



INDEX. 



Benthos, abyssal, Ii6; littoral, ii6; 

 sessile, ii6; vagile, Ii6. 



Bilateral symmetry, 222. 



Biological, classification, 28; nomen- 

 clature, 24. 



Biology, zoological and geological, 

 98. 



Bionomy of the sea, Walther, 116. 



Blastula, 172. 



Bonnet, and theory of mutability, 



151- 



Botanist, method of, 5. 



Brachidium and loop, 282; structure 

 of, 280. 



Brachiopods, and acquirement of 

 characters, 252; and evolutional 

 history, 239; described, 244; life- 

 history of, 277; zone, and Cteno- 

 branchina, 137. 



Brephic, 94. 



Brongniart, Cuvier and, 12. 



Bryozoa, described, 244. 



Buckman, hemera of, 68. 



Budding, agamogenesis by, 169. 



Cainozoic, 22, 23. 



Calcified loops of Brachiopods, 267. 



Cambrian, 30; ancestors and char- 

 acters, 258; characters of living 

 Brachiopods, 258; differentiation 

 in, 2og. 



Carboniferous, 30; age, 26, 30; group, 

 18. 



Catabatic, 94. 



Catastrophe, 11. 



Causation and evolution, 119; legit- 

 imately discussed, 377. 



Cause of varying order of sedi- 

 ments, 73. 



Causes, discerned not observed, 378; 

 search for, 373. 



Cell and molecule, 166; an organ- 

 ism, 174; division, 165; modifica- 

 tion, three modes of, 165; move- 

 ment, 165; multiplication, 165; nu- 

 cleus, 165. 



Cells, organism an aggregate of, 

 164. 



Cell, the undifferentiated, 221; wall, 

 165. 



" Centres of Creation," Forbes, 128; 

 of distribution, specific, 114. 



Cephalization, principles of, 226. 



Cephalopoda, described, 245. 



Cephalopods, evolution of, 325, 342; 

 structure of, 329. 



Change, incessant in living organ- 

 isms, 164; in fossils, with time, 

 83; of functions in ontogenesis, 

 95; of function, none in phylogen- 

 esis, 95. 



Characteristic form of fossils, 83; 

 fossils, 68, 75. 



Characteristics of primitive mol- 

 lusk, 327; of the genus, 293. 



Characters adjusted to environment, 

 13S; evolved since Cambrian, in- 

 significance of, 218; of new species, 

 not all new, 191; traceable to Cam- 

 brian ancestors, 258; whose origin 

 is traced back to Cambrian, 212. 



Checks to increase, in Darwin's 

 theory, 194. 



Chemical and physical properties 

 not evolved, 375. 



Chemical element, 166. 



Chemung group, 67. 



Chronological periods, 29; scale, 7; 

 succession, 24; value of groups of 

 genera, 88. 



Chronology of rocks, laws of, 76, 



Ciliary motion and cilia, 228, 229. 



Class characters, evolution of, 266. 



Classes, geological range of, 206; 

 importance of, in Paleontology, 

 205. 



Classification, meaning of, 130; of 

 functions, 177; of Mollusca, Lan- 

 kester, 246; principles of, 200. 



Classification, terms of, Aristotle, 

 200; Cuvier, 201; Linne, 201; Sca- 

 liger, 201. 



Classifying stratified rocks, 65. 



Classis of Linne, 201. 



Claus and Sedgwick, definitions of, 

 203. 



Climax of generic evolution, 255. 



Closeness of adjustment and rank, 

 142. 



Closing part of life-period, 319. 



Coelenterata, definition of, 203. 



Coelomata, 246. 



Columbia River lava outflow, 44. 



Community of descent and species, 

 123; of form of individuals, 162. 



Comparative study, scale for, 54; 

 time-scale, 53. 



Conditions of environment, 113; and 

 rock formation, 73. 



Conditions of evolution, organic, 

 119; physical, iig. 



Constancy during life-period, 292; 

 in transmission, and species, 297. 



Continental value of revolutions, 45. 



Continuous plasticity of species, 316. 



Conybeare and Phillips' system, 18. 



Cope and bathmology, 94. 



Corallites, 90. 



Corallum, 91. 



Corals — the zoantheria, 84. 



Coral structure, 91. 



Correlation, 177. 



