INDEX. 



389 



of marine origin, 80; materials of, 

 78; nature of, 73, So; preservation 

 of, 79; mark relative age, 77; the 

 marks of geological period, 67 ; 

 their nature and interpretation, 

 iO(j; occurrence of, Si; represent 

 hard parts, Si ; substituted for 

 minerals, 20; and zoological speci- 

 mens, 163. 



Fragmental materials, and strata, 

 72. 



Fresh-water families of gastropoda, 

 143. 



Function of assimilation, 177 ; of 

 correlation, 177; generation, 177; 

 meaning of, 178; of metazoal or- 

 ganism, 169; of sustentation, 177; 

 and property, 17S, 



Functions of vertebrate, 177. 



Fundamental law of evolution, 89. 



Gamogenesis monoecious, 170; dioe- 

 cious, 171; hermaphrodite, 171. 



Gastropoda described, 245. 



Gastropods, characters of, 131; clas- 

 sification of, 133 ; selected for 

 study, 133. 



Gastrula, 172; stage, 222. 



Gebirge and formation, 15. 



Genera and the time-scale, 85; of 

 ctenobranchina, and zones, 137; 

 of madreporaria, and eras, 86. 



Generation, a function of organism, 

 167, 169, 177. 



Generic evolution, 253; climax of, 

 255; expansion, 262; form and dis- 

 tribution, 130; initiation, in helico- 

 pegmata, 290 ; life-history, 276 ; 

 life -period, 88; life -period of 

 brachiopods, 254; series, fixation 

 of characters, 301. 



Genetic affinities, gS. 



Genus, p>'oxtmitf/t, medium, and j?/w- 

 tnum, 201; and species, 89; species 

 and, of Aristotle, 200. 



Geobios, 116. 



Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Etienne, and 

 species, 152. 



Geographical conditions, and strata, 

 71; distribution, 70, ill, 112. 



Geological aspect of organisms, 3; 

 eras and times, 51; formations, 

 systems, 27. 



Geological range, 70; and adjust- 

 ment, 144; of characters, Favosites, 

 93; of AtrypidcE, Spiriferidie, 280; 

 At/iyridce, 280; and Taxonomic 

 rank, 92. 



Geological revolutions, 39; survey, 

 nomenclature, 30; systems and 

 revolutions, 41; Terranes, 28; 



time-scale, 10, 54; geological time, 

 length of, 8; McGee, 61; A. Gei- 

 kie, 62; Kelvin, 62; Clarence 

 King, 62; G. H. Darwin, 62; Tait, 

 62; Dana, 62; Upham, 62; Prest- 

 wich, 63; Walcott, 63; and zool- 

 ogical biology, gS. 



Germ and embryo stage, 173. 



Gerontic, 94. 



Glacial and post-glacial time, 62, 63; 

 revolution, 45. 



Glossophora, 249; mode of exist- 

 ence of, 135. 



God in evolution, 372, 373, 376. 



Goniatites, classification of, 349. 



Grauwacke group, 18. 



Group in geology, 69; of strata or 

 stratum, 69. 



Growth, 168. 



Growth force or Bathmism, 197; 

 normal, 179. 



Habitat, 113; normal, 115. 



Haeckel and Bionomy, 116; and im- 

 portance of species, 149. 



Hall, James, on variability of 

 Atrypa, 317. 



Halobios, 116. 



Hard parts in animal kingdom, 99; 

 and evolution, gS; of organisms, 

 importance of. Si; and relation to 

 ancestry, gS; and relation to en- 

 vironment, g8; of Anthropoda, 

 loi; Coelenterata, 100; Echinoder- 

 mata, loi; Mollusca, 105; Mollus- 

 coidea, 104; Protozoa, gg; Vermes, 

 loi; Vertebrata, 107. 



Helicopegmata, evolution of, 256, 

 263; life-history of, 377; rate of 

 expansion of, 290; three families 

 of, 229. 



Hemera of Buckman, 68. 



Heredity, ig3; law of, 2ig. 



Heterogeneity, attainment of, 176. 



Hexacoralla, rate of differentiation 

 of, 85. 



Himalayas, elevation of, 55. 



Histogenic development, 173. 



Histogenesis, of metazoa, 165. 



Historical classification, 25. 



" History of Creation," Haeckel, 

 128. 



Historv of the individual, 5; law of, 

 8g. 



History of organisms, law of, 89; 

 methods, 207 ; (Ontogeny), 76 ; 

 (Phylogeny), 76; scope of, i ; 

 time-scale for, 54; of species, 5; 

 Spirifers, 300. 



Homology and homologous parts, 

 227. 



