INDEX. 



AAR River, plan for turning the course 

 of, 419, note. 



Absorption of moisture by earth, amount 

 of, uncertain, 21. 



Adirondacks, forest, geographical im- 

 portance of, 318 ; injudicious clearing 

 of, 320 ; lakes of, 421. 



Africa, Northern, artesian wells in, 463- 

 467 ; desert of, atmospaere and scenery 

 in, 572. 



Agriculture of the United States, prod- 

 ucts of, 73. 



Akaba, fresh water on sea-beach at, 462, 

 iiote. 



Alaska, protection of the seal in, 104. 



Albano, lake of, artificial lowering of, 414. 



America, North, primitive physical con- 

 dition of, 16 ; scientific observation of 

 its physical changes, 43 ; forests of, 

 317 et seq. ; forest trees of, compared 

 with European, 335-333; dunes of, 552 ; 

 liydrographical improvements in, 600- 

 602. 



Amsterdam, water supply of, 542, note. 



Animalculae, or infusorial life, import- 

 ance of, 144 et seq. 



Animal life, as geographical agency, 78 ; 

 remains of, volume of, 79, note ; extir- 

 pation of, by man, 89, 7iote. 



Animals, wihi, sympathy of ruder races 

 with, 38, ?iot€ ; wild, instinct, modifica- 

 tion of, 39, 7iote ; large marine, unim- 

 portant in geography, 94 ; extinction 

 of, 103 ; domestic, origin and transfer 

 of, 85. 



Apennines, effects of felling woods of, 

 151. 



Appian Way, the level of, raised, 615 et 

 seq. 



Aquatic plants, action of, in raising level 

 of miirshes, 30, 7iote. 



Aqueducts, geographical and climatic ef- 

 fects of, 431. 



Arabia Petraea, sandstone of, 468, note ; 

 526, note ; sands and petrified wood of, 

 528, noie. 



Aragua, valley of, 217. 



Ard^cbe River, floods of, 250-255. 



Argostali, subterranean marine currents 

 at, 455, 7iote. 



Armies, introduction of foreign vegeta- 

 bles by, 67. 



Amo, floods of, 520, note. 



Artesian wells, ascent of fluids in, 461 it 

 seq. ; ancient, 465, noie ; in Algeria, 

 4^-466 ; at St. Louis, 465, note ; deep- 

 est, 465, note. 



Auk, the wingless, extirpation of, 120. 



Australia, as a field of phj'8ica.l observa- 

 tion, 50 ; direction of rivers in, 454, 

 note ; underground rivers in, 455, note. 



Avalanches, trees as protection against, 

 282. 



Averages, untrustworthy results obtained 

 from, 276, note. 



BABINET'S plan for artificial springs, 

 470,471. 



Baird, Prof. S. F., on the oyster, 98, note. 



Bavaria, scarcity of fuel in, .815, 7\ote. 



Beaver, action of, in producing bogs, 81 ; 

 constructs canals, 83, note ; cause of in- 

 creased numbers of, 90. 



Beech-tree, discussion conceniing, 300, 

 note. 



Bee-honey, introdnction of, into the United 

 States, 134. 



Bee-husl)andry in Italy, 134, note. 



Belgrand, on drainage, 237, note. 



Bergamo, change of climate in the vicin- 

 ity of, 162, note. 



Bieune, lake of, proposed partial drain- 

 ing of, 419, note. 



Birds, geographical importance of, 109 ; 

 iutroductiou of foreign. 111 ; society 

 for feeding in winter, 112, note; de- 

 struction of, 113-123 ; how far useful 

 or injurious by preying on insects, 117, 

 note; migration of, 118; fashion's war 

 on, 120 ; seek shelter from cold under 

 snow, 209, note. 



Bison, uomestication of, 86, 378, note; 

 numbers of, in the United States, 88, 

 note; numbers of,annually destroyed,93. 



Bitter Lakes, their eflfect on rainfall, 448, 

 note. 



Black Sea, plan to open a canal between 

 Caspian and, 596, note. 



Blasts, powder, remarkable, 393, note. 



Bogs, floating, 29 ; quantity of, 28, note ; 

 how formed, 29 ; formation of, by bea- 

 vers, 81. 



Bourget Lake, importance of, as a basin 

 of reception, 480. 



Brt^montier's system of dune plantations. 

 570. * 



(619) 



