620 



INDEX. 



Breton, Cape, dune vineyards of, 574. 

 Buffalo, the, its introduction into Italy, 86 

 Busbequius's letters, value of, 64. 



CAMEL, introduction of, into Europe 

 and America, 85, 86 ; injurious to 

 vegetation in desert, 149. 



Campiue in Belgium, 582. 



Canada thistle, 68. 



Canale della Pleve, n;iture'8 efforts at re- 

 clothing the rocks of, 148, note. 



Canals, effects of, in interchanging or- 

 ganic life, 95, 587, note; excavations 

 for, 391, note; 419, note; and aque- 

 ducts, climatic and geographical effects 

 of, 431 ; of Tuscany, injurious effects 

 of, 4i33, note ; of the Ganges, 437, note ; 

 marine, 585 ; across Isthmus of Darien, 

 587 ; Suez, 95, 587 ; across Isthmus of 

 Corinth, 588; between Mediterranean, 

 Red Sea, and Dead Sea, 590 ; between 

 North Sea and Baltic, 593: between 

 North Sea and Zuiderzee, 593 ; across 

 Cape Cod, 594 ; between Don and Vol- 

 ga, 595 ; between Erie and Genesee, 

 600 ; between Lake Michigan and the 

 niinois, 600. 



Cape Cod, sand-dunes of, 557, note. 



CappercaUzie, extinction and reintroduc- 

 tion of, in Great Britain, 123; habits 

 of, 122, note. 



Capriflcation, whether useful, 128, note. 



Carniola, caves of, 455, note. 



Caspian, natural and artificial changes 

 in, 317, note ; 595, 596, not(. 



Catalpa, the American, 360, note. 



Catania, lava streams at, 611. 



Cauliflowers, fresh, supplied by Algeria 

 to Northern Germany, 63, note. 



Celano, Lake, draining of, by Prince Tor- 

 Ionia, 416. 



Census returns of 1880, 73, note ; 79, note ; 

 88, note; 101, note; 103, note; 106. 



Cereals, self-propagating in California, 

 59, note. 



Cevennes, effects of clearing the, 163. 



Chalk formations, pure water held in, 

 277, noie. 



Chamois, numbers of killed, 92 ; their 

 number increasing, 93. 



Champlain, Lake, phenomenon on, 442, 

 note. 



Charcoal as missiles, 300, note. 



Cherbourg, breakwater at, 391. 



Chestnut crop in France and Tuscany, 

 value of, 328, note. 



Chiana, Val di, character of, 514; im- 

 provements in, 516-519. 



Chicago, unwarrantable exposure for sale 

 of quail and grouse at, 137, note. 



Cicero, his opinion of merchants, 6, note ; 

 bis opinion of the mechanical arts, 413, 

 note. 



Cinchona, introduction of, into India, 59, 

 note; improved by cultivation, 59, note. 



Cirio, freight cars of, 63, note. 



Climates, ancient, character of, uncer- 



tain, 14; causes producing change in 

 New England, 19, note. 



Coal, early use of, for fuel, 299, note ; in- 

 creased use of, in Paris, 348, note ; ex 

 traded in England, quantity of, 392, 

 605. 



Coast-line, change of, from natural causes, 

 388 ; subject to human guidance, 389. 



Cocliineal insect transferred to Spain, 

 134. 



Cod, Cape, 594, note, et seq. 



Commerce, discouraged and despised by 

 ancient Romans, 6, 63, note; 589 ; mod- 

 em, objects of, 61. 



Como, Lake of, proposed lowering of, 

 419, note ; effect of lowering on stabil- 

 ity of shores and percolation, 420 ; per- 

 colation of water from, 420, note ; im- 

 portance of, as basin of reception, 479. 



Constajice, Lake of, diversion of Rhine 

 from, 599. 



Constantinople, v/ater supply of, 339^ 

 note ; 432, note. 



Copais Lake, draining of, 413. 



Cork tree, yield of, 329, note. 



Corporations, industrial and financial, 

 corruption and demoralizing effects of, 

 52, note. 



Cotton-seed, value of, 35, note; introduc- 

 tion of, into U. S., 73, note. 



Crau, reclamation of, 160, note. 



Cypress tree, its beauty, 332, 338. 



DANUBE, the, escape of water from» 

 459, note. 



Darien, Isthmus, proposed canal across, 

 587. 



Dead Sea, projected canal to, 590. 



Deer, tame, injurious to trees, 371, note ; 

 number of, in the United States, 89. 



Delta, of the Mississippi, 487, note; of 

 the Ganges, 487, note; of the Hoang-ho, 

 487, note. 



Denmark, peat mosses of, 30, note. 



Deposits of rivers, geological importance 

 of, 389 ; marine, on the coast of Nether- 

 lands, 398 ; of rivers of Tuscanv, 507. 



Desert trees, propagation of, 149 ; Ara- 

 bian, scenery of, 467, note. 



Desiccation, secular, of soil, 19, note. 



Despotism a cause of physical decay, 4. 



Dikes, Sea, origin of, 394; of Nether- 

 lands, 395 ; construction of, 400 et seq. ; 

 in Egypt, 440 ; of Mississippi, 494. aee 

 Embankments. 



Dinornis or Moa, recent extirpation of, 

 in New Zealand, 121. 



Discoveries, recent and future, 46. 



Diseases, contagious, propagation of, by 

 germs, 145, note. 



Dismal Swamp in North Carolina and 

 Virginia, 157. 



Dodo, extirpation of, 120. 



Don River, proposed diversion of, 595. 



Drainage by roots of trees, 201 et seq. 



Drainage of Lakes, 404 ; of Lake of Haar- 

 lem, 405 ; of Lake of Albano, 414 ; of 



