INDEX. 



621 



Lake of Fucinus or Celuno, 415 ; of 

 Lake of Copais, 413 ; of Lake of Lun- 

 gern, 419 ; of Lake of Bienne, 419, note; 

 of bo<j;s and swamps, 4:i3 et seq. ; its 

 Deccsbity in lauds newly reclaimed from 

 forest, 424 ; surface and subterranean, 

 and their effects, 424 ; by borin.ij', 425 ; 

 of surface waters, climatic effects of, 

 426 ; unforeseen effects of, 430 ; effect 

 of, on inundations, 474. 



Drance, glacier lake of, 484. 



Drought accounted for, 191. 



Dugdale on sea-dikes, 394, note. 



Dunes, coast, bow formed, 538 et seq. ; 

 height of, 540 et seq. ; 566, note ; sands 

 of, character and composition of, 545 ; 

 575, nute ; interior structure of, 547; 

 stratification of, 547 ; geological im- 

 portance of, 550 ; of American coasts, 

 552 ; of Western Europe, 553 ; age, 

 character, and permanence of, 554 ; nat- 

 urally wooded, 556 ; protection of, 557, 

 568 ; uses of, as a barrier against the 

 sea, 558 ; movement of, 563, 566, note ; 

 control of, by man, 567 ; artificial, 567 ; 

 plantation of, 569 et seq. ; vineyards 

 upon, 574 ; artificial removal of, 574 ; 

 inland, 575 ; of North American Desert, 

 575 ; of South American Desert, 576. 



Duponchel, proposals for agricultural 

 improvement, 607. 



Durance, fertilizing slime of, 340, note. 



Dust, cosmical, deposit of, 616, note. 



Dwight, Dr., travels in the United States 

 characterized, 50, note. 



EARTH, hygroecopicity of, increased 

 by heat, 25, rwte ; habitable, gener- 

 allj' wo(^ded, 146; displacement of, in 

 euRiueering, 891, note ; transported to 

 cover rocky surface, 603. 



Earthquakes, resistance to, 609. 



Earthworms, utility of, 138-130. 



Economies, many recent, 35, note., et seq. 



Eels, destruction of, 105, note. 



Egypt, introdxiction of foreign plants and 

 animals into, 65, note; catacombs of, 

 80, note ; papyrus and water-lily of, 75, 

 note; poisonous snakes of, 125, note; 

 supposed increase of rain in, 193, ttote ; 

 productiveness of, 239, note ; original 

 condition of, 434 ; amount of water 

 used for irrigation, 435, note ; cultiva- 

 ted soil of, 43s ; populatiun of, 439 ; 

 originally morass, 440, note ; saline de- 

 posits of, 453 ; sands of, 531 ; their 

 prevalence and extent, 534, note; ac- 

 tion on the Delta and cultivated land, 

 535; source of sands, i>34; etfect of 

 diversion of the Nile upon, 596 ; refuse 

 heaps near Cairo, 614, noie. 



Eland, an African species, 91, note. 



Elephant, numbers of, killed, 93, 



Elsineur, artificial formation in harbor, 

 of, 613. 



Embankments, river uses and evils of, 

 485 et seq. ; imitation of nature, 485, 



vote; Lorobardini's views of, 486, note , 

 of Mississippi, magnitude of, 494. 



Engineers and Artisans not respected 

 by ancients, or in Middle Ages, 413. 



England, forest economy of, 298 ; forests 

 of, described by CiBsar, 300, note; large 

 extent of ornamental plantation, 301; 

 private enterprises in sylviculture, 303. 



Enguerrand de Coucy, cruelty of, 341. 



Etna, eruptive matter of, infertile, 148. 



Eucalyptus, rapid growth of, 204, note ; 

 growth and height of, 324, noie; 383, 

 note. 



Euphrates, sand-plains in the valley of, 

 579. 



Evaporation, amount of, uncertain, 34; 

 from forest earth, 174; relative, from 

 meadow and forest, 187 ; relative, from 

 earth and water, 426, note. 



Evergreen trees, properties of, 172, note ; 

 203, 204. 



Eye, cultivation of, 11 ; sympathy be- 

 tween, and other organs, 11, note. 



Tj^ASHION, its war on birds, 120, note, 



-* et seq. 



Fens of Lincolnshire, drainage of, 393. 



Feudalism, abuses of, 5, note. 



Filopanti's, account of the lake of Sa- 

 ve n a, 279, note. 



Fire, action of, on woodland, 350, 351; 

 protection of woods against, 373 ; for- 

 est, of 1871, 374 ; measures against, 375. 



Fire-weed in burnt forests of the United 

 States, 287. 



Fir-tree, doubts as to its existence in 

 ancient Britain, 300, note ; cicatrization 

 of stump, 328, note. 



Fish, introduction and breeding of, 94- 

 99 ; naturalization of, 94, 95 ; destruc- 

 tion of, 99 et seq. ; spawn consumed 

 by water- fowl, inferiority of artifici- 

 ally fattened, 106 ; fresh water, grow- 

 ing scarcity of, in United States, 107, 

 note; shell, extensive heaps of re- 

 mains of, in United States, 94 ; shell, 

 extensive heaps of remains of, Indian 

 origin, 94 ; effect on, by the discharge 

 of factory refuse, 108. 



Fisheries of the world, annual yield of, 

 101, note. 



Fish ponds, in Catholic countries, 511, 

 note. 



Flotation of trees. 



Fog rare in woods, 189, note. 



Fontainebleau, forest of, Its renovation, 

 363, note ; soil of, 582, note. 



Forces, natural, accumulation of, 37. 



Forest laws, Jewish, 338, note; severity 

 of, in France and England, 340 ; under 

 Louis IX., 341 ; mediaeval character of, 

 375; of America, created by circum- 

 stances, 377. 



Forests, clearing of, its effect on fruit* 

 trees, 20, note. 



Forests, royal, 339-843. See Woods. 



France, the peasantry of, described by 



