INDEX 



623 



Italy, 444, noU; in Spain, 444; quan- 

 tity of water used in, 441, 450, note ; 

 difficulties of, 446, note; efifects of, on 

 vegetable crops, 444, note; climatic 

 effects of, 448, 453; recovery of water 

 employed in, 450 ; effects of. on river 

 supply, 451 ; deposit of salt by, 453. 



Islands, floating, 407, note, et seq. 



Italy, beauty of its wint(!r scenerj', 212 ; 

 effect of the denudations of its forests, 

 256 ; leeislation in, conceniiiii;- forests, 

 373, no'e ; extent of irrigation in, 441, 

 note; sky of, 441, note; 449, note. 



JOHNSTRUP'S observation on absorp- 

 tion of moisture by earth, 214, note. 

 Juniper tree, antiseptic properties of, 



157. 

 Jutland, destruction of forests in, 338, 

 note; encroachments of the sea on, 

 560. 

 Jupiter, satellites of, visible to the naked 

 eye, 18, note. 



KANDER River, artificial course of, 

 483. 

 Karst, plantations on, 315, note; subter- 

 ranean waters of, 455, note. 

 Kjokkenmoddinger, heaps of kitchen ref- 

 use, 15. 

 Kock's investigations into tubercular 

 diseases, 145, note. 



L.^STADIUS, account of Swedish 

 Laplanders, 122, note. 



Lakes, history or, 279, note; draining of, 

 404 ; natural process of filling up, by 

 aquatic vegetation, 407, note ; Towering 

 of, in ancient and modern times, 414 

 et seq. ; draining of, in Switzerland, 

 418, note ; effects of, 419 ; mountain, 

 Iheir disappearance, 420 et seq. ; their 

 utmty, 421. 



Land won from waters, 387 et seq. 



Life, American, instability of, 385 ; bal- 

 ance of animal and vegetable, 143. 



Liimfjord, irruption of sea into, 560 et 

 seq. ; aquatic vegetation of, 361 ; orig- 

 inal state of, 585. 



Lima and Sestajone Rivers compared, 

 233, note. 



Lion, an inhabitant of Europe, 90, note. 



Lisbon, earthquake of, 611. 



Locust, swarms of, avenge the slaughter 

 of birds, 187, note; does not breed in 

 woods, 291. 



Lombardini on precipitation 448, note; 

 ou Tiber, 459; on river embankments, 

 486, note ; on elevation of bed of Po, 

 490, n^te ; Guido alio Studio dell' Idro- 

 logia, 493, note; on inundations, 498, 

 note; on Val di Chiana, 515. 



Lombardy, climate of, 441; statistics of 

 irrigation in, 444. 



London, the meteorological effect of, 

 473, note; coal beds under, 605, note. 



Louis IX. of France, misguided clemency 



of, 841. 

 Lumber trade of Quebec, 349, note; the 



United States, 350, note; augmented 



cousumption of, 345. 

 Lungem, Lake of, lowering, 419. 



MADAGASCAR, gigantic bird of, 121. 

 Madder, cultivation of, in France, 

 18, note. 



Maggiore, Lake of, importance of, as 

 basin of reception, 479. 



Magnitude, unit of, nature has none, 144. 



Maize, acclimation of, 18, note. 



Malta, transported soil of, 603. 



Man, reaction of, on nature, 8 ; action of, 

 on organiclife, 9, 7iote ; measurement of 

 influence of, uncertain, 14 ; destructive- 

 ness of, 33 et seq., 35-40 ; first conquests 

 over nature, 38, note; geographical ac- 

 tion of, compared with that of brutes, 

 40 ; physical improvement by, 43 ; lim- 

 its of his physical power, 44 ; remains 

 of, contemporary with mammoth, 80, 

 note ; agency of, in extirpation of fish, 

 99; of aquatic animals, 103; of birds, 

 114-123 ; possible control of minute or- 

 ganisms by, 139 et seq. ; possible geo- 

 graphical changes by, 584 et seq. ; inci- 

 dental effects of his action, 612 et seq. ; 

 action of, illimitable and never-ending 

 effects of, 616, 617. 



Mango, the, its introduction into the 

 West Indies, 64, 7iote. 



Marcite of Lombardy, 447, note. 



Maremma, Tuscan, improvements in, 509 

 et seq. 



Marshes, how far unhealthy, 156, note; 

 draining of, in Italy, 422; United 

 States, 422 ; climatic action of, 426 ; 

 insalubrity of mixture of salt aud fresh 

 water in, 509, note. 



Matches, lucifer, 346, nate. 



Meat, fresh, transportation of, 35, note. 



Mechanic arts, illastration of their mutual 

 interdependence, 360, note; despised 

 by ancient Romans and iu Middle 

 Ages, 413, note; not respected in mod- 

 ern Italy, 413, 7iote. 



Medanos or dunes of the South American 

 Desert, 57b, 577. 



Mediterranean Sea, not rich in organic 

 life, 96 ; sands of, 528 ; tides of, 542. 



Mella River, change in character of, 257, 

 fiote. 



Mengotti on Nile, 498. 



Menhaden fisheries, 105, note. 



Meteorology, uncertainty of this science, 

 21 ; nomenclature of, vague and equiv- 

 ocal, 23, note. 



Metrical System, French, objections to, 

 144, note. 



Mexico, Desaguadero at, 891, note. 



Michigan, Lake, sand-dunes of, 543; 

 sand-dunes of, originally wooded, 556, 

 et seq. ; diversion of its waters, 600 et 

 seq. 



