18 Dusotis—On Pithecanthropus erectus. 
From all these geological and anatomical considerations, it follows that, in each 
of the four specimens, we may have before us evidence of a form intermediate 
between Man and Anthropoid Apes; that, moreover, the anatomical examination 
of the specimens, as well as the circumstances of their discovery, make it exceed- 
ingly probable that they belonged to the same individual. I therefore believe that 
I may maintain my conviction that these four remains belonged to a transitional 
form between Man and Apes; and further, that this form not only represents a 
peculiar genus, but is also as different from all Anthropoid genera as from Man ; that 
the founding of a new family between the Hominide and the Simiidze was necessary 
for it—if we do not prefer to revert entirely towards the Linnean classification, 
and separate Man only generically from the Apes, nor much enlarge our defini- 
tion of one or the other of the families named. And so. far as I can see, there 
is nothing against regarding this form as being in the direct genealogy of Man. 
The problem now before us is the exact position of this intermediate form in 
the genealogy. In my opinion it belongs to the direct line, but before it had 
become human. 
I have attempted to give in fig. 3 a diagrammatic representation of my views 
with reference to the phylogenetic evolution of Man and the Apes. 
In the Eocene we have Haeckel’s hypothetical genus Archipithecus, from which 
arose first the branch of the Platyrhine Apes. In the early Miocene, from a 
common hypothetical Procercopithecus, the ancestor of the Old World Apes, there 
originated the branch of all the Lower Old World Apes, the Cercopithecidz. After- 
wards, in the Middle Miocene, when the main line had become more Anthropoid, 
there branched off Dryopithecus, which, according to later researches of Gaudry, 
is intermediate in its characters between the lower Catarrhine Apes and the 
Man-like Apes. Still higher up in the Miocene originated the hypothetical form 
Prothylobates, a very generalised form, which I regard as the ancestor of all the 
Anthropoid Apes and Man. During the Middle and Upper Miocene, there 
developed from this stem-form, first a branch giving rise to Pliopithecus, and 
the form from which we have the femur of Eppelsheim (‘‘ Dryopithecus” of 
Pohlig), which I call Pliohylobates, and ending in the existing genus Hylo- 
bates; secondly, branches giving rise to Simia, and to Troglodytes and Gorilla. 
Lastly, we have in the direct line, originating from Prothylobates, during the 
Lower Pliocene or Upper Miocene, the Siwalik Palaeopithecus, which, after a careful 
examination in the Indian museum at Calcutta of the specimen on which the 
genus is founded, I regard as a decidedly Hylobatoid form, but approaching 
towards Man. Between this form and Man comes in the Upper Pliocene, Pithec- 
anthropus, which, while still retainmg many Hylobatoid characters, approaches, 
as I have tried to show, nearest of all to Man, but cannot be placed in the genus 
Homo. 
