A Transitional Form between Man and the Apes. 53 
ascribed, chiefly to the very divergence of the characters of the remains, partly to 
the shortness of my statements. It appeared especially necessary to enter more 
in detail into the circumstances under which the remains were found. Con- 
cerning these circumstances, many conceptions have been formed which in no 
way answer to the reality. In the first place, then, let me explain the 
circumstances under which the remains were found. 
From Trinil to Ngawi the steep banks of the Bengawan or Solo river, 
for an extent of 74 miles, consist exclusively of the above-mentioned volcanic 
sands and lapilli, cemented into soft rocks, very much like the rocks which 
I saw in the Siwalik hills. The strata have in this area a general dip S. of 
about 5°, and are only concealed by a thin covering of vegetable soil. In these 
strata the Solo river has cut its channel, 12 to 15 metres 
‘wy deep, near Trinil. North and west of Trimil the Pliocene 
f marl and limestone appear under them. When I first, 
in August, 1891, came upon the rich bone-mine of Trinil, 
I had already made many finds of bones at several places 
round about that village. All belonged to the same 
homogenous fauna which I had found in other parts of 
the Kendeng hills. The first fossil 
bones were a horn of a small 
species of deer, which is among 
the commonest of the fauna, a 
molar tooth of Stegodon, and a 
few other remains belonging to 
the same fauna. They were dug 
out of the rock by means of chisel 
and hammer, and the excavations 
were performed in such a manner 
that the rock was carefully re- 
- "De 
a r-) 
Fic. 1.—SEcTioN OF THE BONE STRATA AT TRINIL. 
A—Vegetable soil. E—Conglomerate. 5 . ° 
ai nea me Glayercek moved in thin layers. It consists 
<< “ri Eieeae G@—Marine breccia, x a 
C—Bed of lapilli-rock. sat scastngstbol la (fig. 1) from higher to lower of 
D—Level in which the four river. 
variously coloured  sand-rock, 
which becomes coarser, whilst 
more and more lapilli occur in it, and the latter prevail in the deepest bed, about 
1 metre thick, passing downward over into a conglomerate bed. Under this 
follows a bed of hardened blackish clay, sharply separated, which does not 
contain any bones. ‘The latter in the sand-rock increase in number from higher 
to lower, so that the lapilli bed is the richest; the conglomerate bed, however, 
contains but few bones. 
Among hundreds of other skeleton remains, in the lapilli bed on the left bank 
B2 
remains were found, I—Dry season level of river. 
