44 Drxon—On the Development of the Branches of the Fifth Cranial Nerve in Man. 
ein Ganglion.” Professor His, on the other hand, has always looked on the 
ciliary ganglion as the extreme anterior end of the trigeminal complex, which 
becomes cut off from the rest of the ganglion of the fifth. 
For my own part, I believe that the cells which lie in front of the Gasserian 
ganglion either abort entirely or form the ‘‘nervenfiihrendes gewebe” of Gorono- 
witsch, through which the axis-cylinders of the nerve cells of the Gasserian 
ganglion grow out to form the ophthalmic nerve. Beard considers that the 
cellular mass described by Professor His represents his mesocephalic ganglion and 
not the true ciliary ganglion which is a later formation. We have already noted 
that Professor His’s description clearly indicates that the anterior blunt process of 
the Gasserian ganglion cannot represent Beard’s mesocephalic ganglion. 
When now we inquire how the ciliary ganglion arises in lower animals we find 
that Hoffmann,* in reptiles, described it as a bud or outgrowth from the ophthalmic 
ganglion (mesocephalic of Beard). This outgrowth becomes less intimately 
connected with the ophthalmic, and more and more closely bound to the third 
nerve, in the older stages. Finally, it appears to belong to the third nerve. 
Ewartt, in Elasmobranchs, describes practically a similar origin for the ciliary 
ganglion. Ewart, Beard, Hoffmann Van Wijhe, and others testify to the late 
appearance of the ganglion, and Hoffmann and Ewart, at all events, look on its 
cells as derived from the trigeminal complex. In man the ciliary is certainly a 
late formation, but where its cells are derived from is uncertain. 
Dohrn, apparently, takes quite a different view; he considers that aH cells of 
the ciliary eaaciaen migrate from the brain along the course of the third nerve. 
Unlike Ewart, he has found in Elasmobranchs cells in the course of the third 
nerve, and has seen and figured such migrating from the brain. He calls attention 
to the fact that ganglionic nerve cells have been demonstrated in the course of 
other motor nerve roots by Thompsen, Schiifer and others. Goronowitsch has 
also found these cells in the course of the third nerve, and believes that it is 
highly probable that they are the source of cells of the ciliary ganglion. Dohrn 
and Goronowitsch then agree in referring the ciliary ganglion to the third nerve, 
but not in the sense of a ganglion on a posterior nerve root. 
Goronowitsch states that Professor His’s description and figure of the “ gang- 
lienleiste” for the chick is correct, and that the description is only erroneous when 
it states that the Gasserian and ciliary ganglia arise directly from the anterior 
segment of this structure. According to Goronowitsch, the whole anterior part of 
* “ Weitere Untersuchungen zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Reptilien,” Morphologisches Jahrbuch, 
1886, Bd. xi. 
+ ‘On the development of the Ciliary or Motor Oculi Ganglion.” Proceedings of the Royal Society, 
vol. xlvii., 1889, p. 287. 
{ Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 1891. Bd. x, 
