414 Havpon—The Actiniaria of Torres Straits. 
This sub-family includes H. duodecimeirrata, M. Sars, according to Carlgren, 
1893, p. 388, and ZH. arctica, Carlgr., 1893, p. 45. The foregoing have twelve 
tentacles. For a Haleampid with mesogleeal sphincter and more than twelve 
tentacles, Kwietniewski has erected the new genus Halianthella and the new 
sub-family Halianthine, type: H. Kerguelensis (Stud.) (= Edwardsia Kerguelensis, 
Studer). Perhaps Andvakia mirabilis, Dan., 1890, p. 86, belongs here. 
As I have previously mentioned, Carlgren (1893, p. 136) thinks that the genus 
Halcurias established by M*Murrich (Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvr., 1893, p. 142) for 
H. pilatus M°M. is a member for the Protactinize (or rather of his Protantheze). 
Family.—Acriniip, Gosse, 1858; Andres, 1884; Hertwig, 1888. 
(Antheade, Hertwig, 1882; M°Murrich, 1889; Carlgren, 1893.) 
Actiniine adhering to foreign bodies by a flat contractile base. Column usually 
smooth, occasionally verrucose towards the upper part, without cinclides. Margin 
frequently provided with acrorhagi, but may be smooth. ‘Tentacles numerous, 
usually long. Sphincter muscle, endodermal, diffuse, usually feebly developed. 
Perfect mesenteries numerous, and all may be fertile, but sometimes the first 
cycle, and more generally the directives, are sterile. No acontia. 
The above definition is with very slight alterations that given by M*Murrich 
(1889, p. 17) for the Antheadz ; it is practically the same as that formulated by 
Carlgren (1893, p. 49). These definitions of this family are based upon that by 
Hertwig (1882, p.31). M*Murrich and Carlgren state reasons why it is preferable 
to use Hertwig’s original term to the names of Actiniadze, Gosse (1858, p. 416), 
or Actinidz, Andres (1880, 1884, p. 180); but in his Supplementary Report (1888, 
pp. 4, 7) Hertwig adopts Andres’ family, which is the exact equivalent of Gosse’s 
original family, the form of the name adopted by Andres being more in accord- 
ance with modern usage. Later (1860, p. 148: in reality this was published in 
the serial part of the Actinologia Britannica, that was issued in November, 1858), 
Gosse retained this family for the genus Actinia, and erected a new family 
Antheadz for the genera Aiptasia and Anthea; in the former he included the 
non-British forms of Nemactis and Phymactis, and in the latter Actinopsis. On 
the whole it appears to me best to keep the orginal family of Gosse, but with the 
terminal modification of Andres. 
M*Murrich (18938, p. 134) includes the Antheomorphide (Hertwig, 1882, p. 29) 
“for the present with the Antheade.” In this I agree with him. 
The number and arrangement of the mesenteries, both perfect and imperfect, 
are very irregular: sometimes the typical Hexactinian arrangement occurs, and 
probably this is the case in all young forms. It often happens that mesenteries 
