Happon—The Actiniaria of Torres Straits. 429 
BOLOCERA, Gosse, 1860, p. 185; M°M. 1893, p. 154; Carlgr. 1898, p. 49. 
(Liponema, Hert. 1888, p. 17.) 
Actiniide with smooth or nearly smooth column; no acrorhagi; with large, 
extremely easily detachable tentacles which have a distinct circular muscle at their 
base. 
As Carlgren points out, the earlier writers associated this genus with the 
Antheadze, but Gosse (1860, p. 185) placed it among the Bunodide, in which 
he was followed by Studer, Andres, and Danielssen. M*Murrich (1893, p. 153) 
erects the new family Boloceride for this genus, with the following defini- 
tion :—‘‘ Actininze with usually stout non-retractile tentacles, strongly constricted 
immediately above their insertion into the disk, and hence readily deciduous. 
Sphincter muscle endodermal, diffuse, or in some forms approaching the cir- 
cumscribed type; the tentacles and disk fully exposed in the contracted 
condition. With more than six pairs of perfect mesenteries.” The genus is 
credited ‘with the characters of the family.” As the sphincter muscle of 
the deciduous tentacles is the only peculiar character in the diagnosis just 
given, I prefer to adhere to the original opinion of Carlgren (whose defini- 
tion I have adopted), who regarded Bolocera as belonging to the Actiniude ; 
but in his Nachschrift (1893, p. 137) he adopts MeMurrich’s new family. I 
also agree with M*Murrich (1893, pp. 160, 209) that Hertwig’s Liponema 
multiporum (1888, p. 17) is a Bolocera; indeed I had independently arrived 
at the same conclusion. ‘The family Liponemide of Hertwig (1882, p. 63) 
is by no means homogeneous: the genus Polysiphonia (Hertw. 1882, p. 63) 
has been shown by M*Murrich (1893, pp. 165, 209) to be Actinernus, a 
genus of the Paractide. I see no reason why Polystomidium (Hertw. 1882, 
p- 67) should not range along with Bolocera among the Actiniidee; Aulorchis 
(Hertw. 1888, p. 21) is at present insufficiently known; the generative 
apparatus of the type species A. paradova, Hert., is unique among the 
Actiniaria, its sphincter muscle is of the aggregated type described by 
M*Murrich in Myonanthus ambiguus, but apparently still more mesogleal than 
the latter. 
B. Tuedice, (Johnst.) 1832, p. 163 (Actinia Tuedie, Johnst.; Anthea Tuedie, 
Johnst, 1847, p. 242); Gosse, 1858, p. 417; Andr. 1884, p, 205; Gosse, 1860, 
p. 186; M°M. 1893, p. 155. 
B. eques, Gosse, 1860, p, 351; Andr. 1884, p. 206. 
