GRAPTOLITES. 107 
are quite different. In the outer subdivisions it approaches in some degree 
to G. flexilis, the stipe being always more curved in its divergence at 
the bifurcation. The absence of cellules on all of the lower divisions of 
the stipe distinguishes this from any other species known to me at the 
present time, except G. rigidus; from which it differs in the manner of 
bifurcation and in the long slender funicle. 
In the specimen before me there is a slight dissimilarity in the mode of 
branching on the two sides; but this relates only to details, and the speci- 
men is imperfect, showing one of the main divisions, and only a small part 
of the other. 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURE OF GRAPTOLITHUS ABNORMIS, Hall. 
Puate XI. 
6. A fragment of slate preserving the centre and the branches on one side to 
beyond the first bifurcation. The other side is imperfect, and apparently 
less developed. 
Formation and Locality. Quebec group ; Point Lévis. 
GRAPTOLITHUS RicHARDSONI, Hall. (n. s.) 
Plate XII, figures 1-8. 
Description.—Frond consisting of strong sub-linear branching stipes, the 
number from their origin unknown ; branchlets diverging at an angle of about 
15°, and measuring in their transverse diameter about five hundredths of an 
inch ; the vertical diameter from ten to fifteen hundredths of an inch. The 
test appears thick and somewhat striated ; the cell-partitions often strongly 
marked ; the common body occupying less than one fourth the width of 
the stipe. Cellules long and narrow, curving upwards, making an angle 
with the axis of from 25° to 35°; from four to six times as long as the 
width of the aperture, one fourth of the length or less bemg free: the 
angle of the aperture with the axis is about 140° ; cell-denticles obtuse or 
obtusely poimted, eighteen or nineteen in the space of an inch. 
The separated stipes of the species, when not branched, resemble those 
of G. octobrachiatus, but the cellules are more inclined, making a less 
angle with the axis, while the angle of the aperture is much greater. In 
the branching specimens, we have a character which distinguishes it from 
any other species. 
