id FUMIGATION METHODS 
Orchard experiments.—In the fall of 1897 I began, 
perhaps, the largest series of experiments ever under- 
taken in the East for the destruction of San José scale. 
The orchard chosen was a nine-year-old Bartlett dwarf- 
pear in full foliage. Canvas tents were used. The 
trees were fumigated at all hours of the day and under 
varying conditions of weather. We had sunshine, 
cloudy and foggy days, rain, sleet and snow, windy 
and calm weather. In one series, September 29th, with 
a temperature of 70° F., we used 0.40 gramme cya- 
nide per cubic foot instead of 0.20, asin most of our 
experiments. The leaves on all the trees were very 
brown, in fact, almost black. Within five minutes 
after the tents were removed the petioles were black 
almost to the base; the leaves fell a few days later. 
The following spring the leaves came out as normally 
as on any other trees in the orchard where no fumiga- 
tion occurred. ‘There was about one-quarter as much 
fruit on these trees, however, as upon those that had 
been fumigated with the normal strength, that is, 0.20 
gramme. Other trees were treated at night with the 
same double dose, at a temperature of 58° F. The 
foliage, the first week, showed no injurious effect 
whatever, and remained just as green as on trees not 
fumigated. ‘The eighth day, however, the leaves be- 
gan dropping, and a few days later were all off. The 
leaf buds came out the following spring, but the fruit 
was only about half as abundant as on surrounding 
trees. The double dose, it would therefore seem, is 
injurious at least to the fruit buds of Bartlett pear 
under such conditions. 
The final outcome of the whole series of experi- 
