CHARTER V 
APPARATUS FOR USE IN ORCHARDS 
HE equipment necessary for orchard fumigation 
depends largely upon the kind of trees to be 
treated and the location of the orchard. In 
California the sheet tent is in general use. 
Another form, known as the bell tent, is also quite 
commonly used in California orchards. Of the earliest 
apparatus used, the Wolfskill fumigator was a good 
type. It is a bell tent manipulated by a derrick 
mounted on a wagon. It has an arm on each side 
extending over the top of the trees when driven be- 
tween the rows. This form of tent is lifted up by 
means of a rope attached to the top and extending to 
a loop at the end of the arm or derrick, through which 
the tent is drawn as it is removed from the tree. This 
form of tent is shown in Fig. 8. 
Another form, known as the ‘Titus fumigator 
(Fig. 9), consisted of a smaller tent, supported by a 
square frame braced at each corner and mounted on 
wheels with a piece across the top, on which the tent 
could be wound in removing it from the tree. Still 
another form, known as the Culver fumigator (Fig. 
IO), consisted of two light frames, half-bell shaped, 
covered with cloth. It formed a complete tent when 
closed together around the tree. This form of fumi- 
gator was simplified later and the cloth allowed to rest 
on the sides of the tree. The Culver outfit, in con- 
27 
