ECONOMIC VALUE OF FUMIGATION 227 
fold. The importance of freeing orange and lemon 
orchards of the red, purple, and black scale at this 
particular season when the insects commence to breed 
must be obvious to every grower. It means when the 
shipping season opens healthier trees, larger crop, and 
gilt-edge fruit, and an increase of receipts. 
‘“These are facts and considerations that no com- 
mercial grower can ignore, and are of such vital im- 
portance that unless conscientiously practiced the 
chances are five to one that failure to realize a profit 
from his trees can be traced directly to neglect in this 
direction. We also know that the time has come 
when every nurseryman in this country will find fumi- 
gation a necessity in order to keep clean his nursery 
stock, not alone for his own protection, but for his 
customers as well.’’ 
In a paper read recently by J. W. Jeffrey, Horti- 
cultural Commissioner, Los Angeles County, at the 
Fruit Growers’ Convention, he said : ‘‘ Fumigation was 
more universal last fall than at any other time. It has 
been reduced to a science, and while the practice is not 
always successful, poor work is no longer tolerated 
without penalty upon the fumigator. There is little 
complaint of impure cyanide, but much of its improper 
applications. Daylight applications, or, more prop- 
erly, warm weather fumigation, is under ban, but a 
few otherwise practical growers have not discovered it. 
Two or three of the leading citrus counties do this 
work at the treasury’s expense, afterward collecting 
from the lands treated. Los Angeles still requires the 
orchardists to do their own fumigation. No new 
scale pests have developed since your last reports were 
