262 FUMIGATION METHODS 
nard, it remained for M. Cornu and M. Mouillefert, two 
French investigators, to determine its real value in 
this connection nearly twenty years later. They ex- 
perimented upon many species of insects representing 
various groups, paying particular attention to the 
grape phylloxera, the most serious pest to the vine- 
yards of France. They found that an atmosphere 
containing one part of carbon bisulphid and nine parts 
of air killed insects within a few seconds when con- 
fined in the vapor; and that one part in 254 parts of 
air was also fatal in about one and one-quarter hours. 
The application of carbon bisulphid for the de- 
struction of insects in mills, elevators, and other places 
where large quantities of grain is stored is of recent 
origin. Its extensive use to kill gophers, ground 
squirrels, and other noxious subterranean and undesir- 
able rodents is a comparatively new method. 
In the arts it is employed as a solvent of sulphur, 
phosphorous, oils, resins, caoutchouc, gutta-percha, 
etc. It is indispensable in the manufacture of rubber 
and waterproof goods. In the manufacture of woolen 
goods it is used to abstract oils and fats from the wool. 
It is not considered an extra hazardous material, 
otherwise it would not be so extensively used. 
Work in France against Phylloxera.—The treatment 
of vines in France with carbon bisulphid for the 
destruction of phylloxera is very extensive. Some 
years more than a quarter of a million acres receive 
treatment. Upon being introduced into the soil at some 
depth below the surface the liquid evaporates as it 
does in the open air, but much more slowly. The 
vapor diffuses through the air spaces of the soil. It 
