322 University of California Publications in Zoology Vor. 18 
subtriangular lobe; pennulum with very characteristic form, differ- 
ing considerably from those of Ciconiae, though approached in 
Leptoptilus; hooklets similar to those of Ciconiae, but normally 
only 5 in number, followed by 3 or 4 steadily diminishing ventral 
cilia, beyond which the pennulum is greatly elongated, rather 
slender, and totally unbarbicelled; 2 basal dorsal cilia developed 
as characteristic stout spines very closely approximated to each 
other, third dorsal cilium a short spine, and all the rest unde- 
veloped. Proximal barbules (pl. 20, fig. 20b) with base of moderate 
size, about 0.5 by 0.05 mm., with short, inconspicuous ventral 
teeth; pennulum only a little shorter than base, shghtly flattened 
proximally, but soon tapering to a very fine slender filamentous tip. 
Outer vane.—Distal barbules (pl. 20, fig. 20c) with pennulum 
somewhat shorter and stouter than in inner vane, usually 6 hooklets, 
no dorsal cilia, and a large number of short, blunt ventral cilia. 
Proximal barbules (pl. 20, fig. 20d) differ from those of inner 
vane only in having a somewhat shorter pennulum; no ventral cilia 
ever developed. 
(2) Other Feathers 
Inner scapular feathers with distal barbules (pl. 20, fig. 20e) 
somewhat like those of distals of outer vane of remiges, but both 
base and pennulum more elongated, pennulum also stouter, more 
like ciconiid type, with short, broad, and very blunt ventral cilia 
somewhat resembling ventral teeth; pigment irregularly distributed, 
being dense in base, but very light or absent in pennulum. 
Proximal barbules of scapulars (pl. 20, fig. 20f) differ from those of 
outer vane of remiges only in more elongate and relatively slender 
form. Blunt ventral cilia of distals of outer vane slightly more 
numerous and better developed, otherwise vanes alike. Elongated 
tips of these feathers produced by an elongation of the slender shaft 
accompanied by a number of greatly elongated barbs lying so closely 
appressed, and attached to shaft at such long intervals, as to le paral- 
lel with shaft. These elongated barbs are furnished with distal and 
proximal barbules only slightly reduced, so that they interlock fairly 
well. On account of change in angle of insertion of more distal barbs, 
there is too much strain for perfect vane to be maintained, result being 
a breaking up into elongated groups of barbs, which is very charac- 
teristic of these feathers. 
On breast feathers also with elongated, ornamental tips, basal 
portion of feathers has much simplified barbules, and barbs very 
loose if at all held together. Barbs of ornamental tip better 
developed with less simplified barbules, the latter resembling those 
of scapular and back feathers, being short, with well-developed 
functional hooklets. As in back feathers, barbs inserted at wide 
intervals, and closely appressed to one another so as to form a 
very narrow, compact tip. 
b) Other Types 
Nycticorax nycticorax differs from Ardea herodias in the strue- 
ture of its remiges only in the slightly better developed third dorsal 
