330 University of California Publications in Zoology Vor. 18 
e) Summary 
The Anseres are characterized as follows: 
(1) Plumules evenly distributed. 
(2) Aftershaft rudimentary or absent. 
(3) Rami of remiges with extremely broad filmlike ventral 
ridges, furnished with dense villi on the ventral edge on the outer 
vane. 
(4) Barbules of remiges and body feathers essentially the same, 
the latter merely simplified. 
(5) Distal barbules with elongated ventral teeth and very slender 
hooklets. 
(6) Proximal barbules of inner vane with slender base, 2 prox- 
imal ventral teeth blunt and lobate, the others narrow and pointed, 
and a moderately long filamentous pennulum with pronglike rudi- 
mentary barbicels. 
(7) Proximals of outer vane with a series of straight, pointed 
cilia on the pennulum. 
(8) Down barbules short, with nodes undeveloped, except 3 to 6 
or 8 near tip which are very highly developed. 
Suborder PALAMEDEAE 
Pl. 21, Fig. 31 
The two genera constituting this group, Palamedea and Chauna, 
differ in a number of important details of feather structure from the 
Anseres. In Chauna cristata the barbs are heavily built, the pith 
more than one cell in thickness, and with only a narrow translucent 
ventral ridge. The distal barbules (pl. 21, fig. 31a) of the outer vane, 
the only ones which I have obtained for study, are characterized by a 
large, stout base with broad, lobate ventral teeth, reminiscent of the 
Meleagridae, and by a fairly short pennulum with a very large 
series of long slender hooklets, usually eight in number, followed by 
only a few slender ventral barbicels. The proximals (pl. 21, fig. 
31b) have large, stout bases with the ventral teeth as in the 
Anseres (i. e., the first two more lobate than the others), and a 
short, rather broad pennulum as in the Ciconiae and also some Galli. 
The back feathers are of a rather peculiar nature, the pennula 
being greatly elongated to give the characteristic hoary appearance. 
The base is long and tapering, the hooklets usually five, subequal in 
size, followed by a complete series of ventral cilia, also of approx: 
