338 University of California Publications in Zoology  (Vor.18 
Unfortunately, I have been unable to secure feathers of the first 
and fourth suborders for examination, and the relationships sug- 
gested by their feather structure cannot, therefore, be discussed. 
The other two groups, Galli and Z'urnices, though in superficial 
appearance very similar, differ in so many details of feather strue 
ture that they may more advantageously be considered separately. 
I. Suborder GALLI 
Pl. 26, Figs. 42-47 
Though containing a very large number of species and genera, 
this suborder forms a fairly compact and well-defined group. In 
general they are characterized by the restriction of the plumules to 
the apteria, and by the variability of the aftershaft. In some 
members of the group, e. g., Bonasa, the latter is better developed 
than in any other group except Casuariiformes, while in others, e. g. 
Pavo, it is very small and almost rudimentary. 
a) Gallus domesticus 
(1) Remez 
Shaft slightly wider than deep, with a broad, conspicuous ventral 
eroove; calamus, in contrast to the condition found in Anseres, 
short, not greatly inflated, its caliber less than that of the shaft. 
Vanes firm, barbs of the inner vane set about 18 per centimeter, 
those of outer vane considerably less, especially in the primaries. 
Vanules with barbules very close set, about 40 distals and 32 prox- 
imals per millimeter in a typical portion of the feather, this number 
of proximals being larger relative to the number of distals than 
in most water-birds. 
Inner vane.—Distal barbules (pl. 24, fig. 42a) with base about 
0.26 mm. in length by 0.04 mm. in width, the pennulum about the 
same length. Base rather broad and quadrangular, with usually 3 
ventral teeth, these in the form of broad lobes, very thin and film- 
like. Nuclei in a conspicuously diagonal line, on account of the 
short, broad form of the base, with its broad ventral teeth. Pen- 
nulum with 6 to 8 hooklets of moderate size, progressively mereas- 
ing in length, not slender with enlarged hooks, as in Anseres, but 
stouter basally. Ventral cilia of moderate size, not flexible or 
appressed, but in the form of stout, strongly curved, hooklike 
processes, decreasing in size toward the tip, but relatively well 
developed on the whole length of the pennulum; 3 or 4 sharp, 
spinelike, dorsal cilia, not, however, highly modified as broad lobate 
or hoodlike projections. More distal cells of the pennulum with 
short, pronglike, rudimentary dorsal cilia. 
Proximal barbules (pl. 24, fig. 42b) with slender base, about 
0.6 mm. long by 0.05 mm. wide, with a series of short, pointed, 
lobate ventral teeth. Pennulum remarkably short, especially on 
