1916] Chandler: Structure of Feathers 339 
more basal portion of barb, for the most part not exceeding one- 
third the length of the base, broad basally, tapering rapidly to a 
slender but short filament. 
Outer vane.—Distal barbules (pl. 24, fig. 42c) even shorter than 
on inner vane, total length under 0.5 mm., the base constituting 
about one-half of this. Base slightly curved longitudinally, with 
lobate ventral teeth not as broad as in inner vane. Pennulum with 
hooklets about as in the inner vane. Ventral cilia more nearly sub- 
equal to each other for the whole length of the pennulum, strongly 
curved, and well separated from each other. Dorsal cilia in the 
form of short prongs. 
Proximal barbules on proximal portions of the barbs closely 
resembling those of the inner vane, but pennulum even shorter. 
On the outer portion of the barbs, the proximals (pl. 24, fig. 42d, 
42e) with ventral teeth proliferated and transformed into a series 
of stout, strongly hooked ventral cilia, in some cases almost exactly 
like hooklets in form, more numerous on more distal barbules, but 
only 3 to 5 basal ones strongly hooked. 
(2) Other Feathers 
Body feathers, where there are no special color modifications, 
merely simplifications of remex type, distal barbules resembling 
outer vane type, proximals the inner vane type. Vanes not firmly 
interlocking and usually a large portion of feather downy. <After- 
shaft with well-formed shaft, its vanes distinct and separate, barbs 
attached in linear series as in contour feathers, and not tuftlike 
as is more usual. Vanules of the interlocking or pennaceous por- 
tion always open, 1. e., barbules in a vertical plane and therefore 
with spaces between them. Distal barbules with long, slender bases, 
with more or less reduced ventral teeth. Pennulum with 3 to 5 
short, weakened hooklets followed by a series of the same type of 
short, curved, inflexible and subequal ventral cilia as in the 
remiges, these becoming short and more or less rudimentary in 
looser feathers. Proximal barbules (pl. 24, fig. 42f) with elongated, 
tapering bases, with moderate, rather slender, ventral teeth. Pen- 
nulum short, as in remiges, almost invariably considerably less 
than half leneth of base; no cilia. 
b) Other Types 
The minute structure of the remiges is remarkably constant 
throughout the group, and it is possible to distinguish a gallinaceous 
bird from all others very easily by the structure of its remiges. The 
description of the feathers of Gallus domesticus will hold, with very 
slight modification, for all the Phasianidae. 
In the Tetraonidae the pennulum of the more terminal proximal 
barbules of the outer vane has a longer series of ventral cilia, which 
are relatively somewhat shorter, and of more uniform size. In some 
members of the family the ventral ridge of the barbs is extremely 
broad, as in Anserine birds. See plate 24, figures 48a, b, and ec. 
