344 Umversity of California Publications in Zoology  \Vou.18 
(2) Other Feathers 
Back feathers rather loose-vaned. Aftershaft with long shaft 
and distinct vanes, but barbs much farther apart than in Galli, 
therefore not such a compact structure. Barbules much simplified. 
Distals with elongated, slender base, with reduced ventral teeth; 
pennulum greatly elongated and threadlike, three times length of 
base on basal portion of barb, 4 short, rather weak teeth, and 2 or 
3 short, blunt ventral cilia immediately beyond hooklets. Prox- 
imals, near base of barb, with slender but well-formed base, 4 or 5 
short but slender and sharp ventral teeth, and greatly elongated 
pennulum. Towards tip of barbs, pennula shortened, and barbules 
greatly reduced and simplified. 
Breast feathers very similar, but pennula on basal barbules not 
so elongate. Aftershaft weaker. 
b) Down 
The down is distinctly different from that of the Galli. Ringlike 
structures are never developed at the nodes, the latter being in- 
conspicuous and only slightly enlarged, and never pigmented, al- 
though the internodes have black pigment. The length of the bar- 
bules is moderate, seldom reaching over 2 mm. 
c) Relationships 
The structure of the distal and proximal barbules of the remiges, 
while strikingly galline in some respects, is likewise very similar, 
in fact more so, to Hurypyga. The structure of the down, which 
has such a strikingly characteristic development in the Galli, in 
these birds is totally different, but is almost exactly the same as 
that of Hurypyga. It might be suggested that the Gruiformes and 
Galliformes are divergent branches of a common primitive stem, 
and that the Turnices and Hurypyga are to be considered as more 
or less nearly related early offshoots either from the gruiform or 
galliform branch, thus exhibiting somewhat intermediate characters. 
d) Summary 
The Turnices are characterized as follows, in common with the 
Galli: 
(1) Plumules sparse, restricted to apteria. 
(2) Aftershaft present, with long shaft and distinct vanes. 
(3) Distal barbules of remiges with broad bases, with broad, thin 
ventral teeth and strikingly diagonal line of nuclei; pennulum with 
