348 University of California Publications in Zoology Vou. 18 
(3) Distal barbules of inner vane of remiges with very short, 
relatively broad base, with broad, lobate ventral teeth; pennulum 
widest immediately beyond hooklets, thence tapering in either diree- 
tion; hooklets excessively numerous, subequal, about 8 in number, 
only proximal ventral cilia developed, these moderate and more or 
less appressed, dorsal cilia in shape, relative size, and angle of pro- 
jection resembling the series of neural spines of dorsal vertebrae 
of a dog. 
(4) Proximal barbules of inner vane of remiges with base con- 
cave toward distal side, the recurved dorsal portion replacing the 
flange in other birds; pennula fused into a solid outer bar, lying 
parallel with ramus. 
(5) Distal barbules of outer vane differing from those of inner 
only in reduction of dorsal cilia; proximal barbules on over nine- 
tenths of barb like those of inner vane, with pennula fused into a 
bar, but on short distal portion free, with well-developed hooked 
barbicels as in Galli. 
(6) Structure of body feathers a mere simplification of that of 
remiges, pennula of proximals still fused. 
(7) Down of two types, exactly like that of typical Galli in 
Calopezus and Nothocercus; closely resembling that of Columbae in 
Tinamus and Nothura. 
9. Order GRUIFORMES 
Plates 26 and 27 
Constituting a very heterogeneous group of birds whose relation- 
ship has always been considered more or less doubtful, but affording 
a convenient resting-place for many birds incertae sedis, the present 
eroup shows so many variations among themselves in feather struc- 
ture, and the different types included approximate so many other 
eroups, that practically no general epiphyologic characters which 
are common to all can be described. The plumules in some are 
generally distributed, in others sparse all over, in Otis confined to 
the apteria. The aftershaft is present, rudimentary, or absent in 
different species, but never, so far as I have been able to find, with 
well-developed shaft and distinct vanes. 
a) Grus canadensis 
(1) Remex 
Shaft about as wide as deep, very rectangular in cross-section 
except for short distance distal to superior umbilicus; at superior 
