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what different shape, as shown in figure, hooklets reduced in num- 
ber and strength, pennulum considerably longer, ventral cilia more 
curved and more nearly subequal, and dorsal cilia better developed, 
short and spinelike. Proximal barbules with tapering base and 
relatively short, stout pennulum, less than half length of base. 
Breast feathers similar to those of back in greater part of barbs, 
but less developed, bases of barbules narrower, hooklets weaker, and 
weaker ventral cilia. On distal third of barb, barbules (pl. 28, fig. 
57f) have a series of highly developed flexules, less curved ventral 
cilia also being present. These barbules are then not unlike the outer 
barbules on barbs of breast feathers of Gavia (pl. 16, figs. 8e, 8f). 
The distal and proximal harbules on the distal third of the barb 
are alike except that the proximals are slightly longer. 
b) Other Types 
Many species of Charadriidae, including nearly all the genera 
represented in Western North America, were examined, and all of 
them were found to be extremely similar in their general feather 
structure to that of Numenius. A barbule from the distal third 
of a breast feather of Phalaropus fulscarius is represented in plate 
28, figure 59a, and a comparison with figure 57e of the same plate 
shows how similar they are, though the stouter form of the flexules 
and less conspicuous ventral cilia of Phalaropus is reminiscent of 
the rails. 
In Parra spinosa, or jacana, representing the Parridae, there 
is a little modification of the charadriid type in the back feathers, 
those on the basal half of the barb (pl. 28, fig. 58a) being slightly 
more elongate and slender, while on the distal half flexules are 
developed very much as in the breast feathers, but the barbule is 
not so shortened (pl. 27, fig. 58d). 
In Oedicnemus the remiges are very much like those of Chara- 
driids in structure, but the breast feathers differ in that flexules 
are very poorly if at all developed. 
Cursorius gallicus, representing the Glareolidae, seems to show 
in its feather structure a closer likeness to the Ardeae than to the 
Limicolae. As shown by plate 28, figures 60a and b, both distal 
and proximal barbules are decidedly like those of the herons. The 
terminal distal barbules of the breast feathers differ widely from 
those of all other members of this suborder as shown by plate 28, 
figure 60c, more closely approximating the herons or storks in the 
short blunt barbicels. 
The Laridae, representing the second group, composed of strong- 
