1916] Chandler: Structure of Feathers 389 
(3) The Phoenicopteri have a type of feather structure which 
is intermediate between that of the Ciconiae and the Anseres (see 
summaries on pages 320, 326 and 330). 
(4) The Phaéthontidae seem to be more closely related to the 
Laridae than to the Steganopodes. 
(5) The Alcidae show very striking similarities to the Colymbi- 
formes, and likewise appear to be closely related to the Laridae, 
and may therefore be considered as more or less intermediate. 
(6) The Gruiformes, while having some features in common 
with the Ciconiiformes, seem to be nearer the Limicolae, this being 
especially true of the Rallidae and Aramidae. 
(7) The strikingly heronlike epiphyology of Hurypyga and 
Cariama, at least of Hurypyga, suggests the possibility of their 
being grouped as aberrant Ardeae. 
(8) Cursorius, representing the family Glareolidae, appears to be 
out of place, and to find its nearest affinity with the Ardeae, rather 
than with the Limicolae. 
(9) The Pteroclo-columbae seem more closely related to the gallina- 
ceous birds, especially the alectoropode Galli, than to the Laro- 
limicolae, with which they seem to have no real relation (see sum- 
mary, page 362). 
(10) The Tinamidae show strong evidence of being a highly spe- 
cialized offshoot from the Galliformes (see summary, page 347). 
(11) The Cuculiformes are more or less intermediate between 
the peristeropode Galliformes and Columbae on the one hand, and 
the Coraciiformes on the other, but seem not to differ to a sufficient 
extent from the latter to warrant their separation into a distinct 
order. 
(12) The Trochilidae and all of the suborder Pici, with the 
exception of the Galbulidae, appear to be more closely related to 
the Passeriformes than to the Coraciiformes. 
(13) The Galibulidae show evidence of not belonging with the 
Pici. 
With the exception of these relatively few cases of disagree- 
ment with the phylogenesis and relationships accepted by Knowlton 
and Ridgway (1909), the evidence of the morphology of feathers 
strongly supports the grouping made by these authors, this in turn 
being the grouping made by Gadow (1891), with a few minor 
modifications. 
