otph,ht> Procellariiformes. 495 



the demands of a like physical environment. Though. leading apre- 

 cisely similar life the Grulls bave no hypapophyses in the thoracic 

 vertebrae, for instance, while, farther, the Grulls are schizorhinal 

 and schizognathous. The Pétrels, like the Penguins and Divers, are 

 holorhinal and schizognathous. Moreover the schizognatism of the 

 Pétrels différa in kind from that of the Grulls". Hauôoji'he cyme- 

 CTBeHHBie npn3HaKn pa3anqifl Meacny Procellarliformes n Laridae 

 npaBe^eHH y GADOw'a *), KOToptifi npnxo3HT r b ki BHBO^y, ito 

 npn OTHCKnBaHiu djmacaSniiix'B pcucTBeHHUKOB-B Frocellariif ormes 

 jkommen uberhanpt nur Sphenisci unddie Steganopodes in Frage". 

 TruaTeji&HO bsb'Êchb'b npnsHaKn cxo^CTBa h pasaniia Me;i;;u" 

 3THMn TpeMH rpynnaMH h Urinatores G-adow 3a-M , BqaeT r b : „Aus die- 

 ser Vergleichung und Sichtung ergiebt sich deutlich, dass die 

 Sphenisci den Tubinares, dann den Steganopodes 2 ) am nâchsten ste- 

 ben, wahrend die Colymbi weiter entfernt sind.... Sphenisci und Tn- 

 hinares sind als schizognathe Nesthocker und marine Fischfresser 

 eng mit einander verbunden, obgleicb beide in vielen Beziehun- 

 gen ganz verschiedene Wege eingeschlagen haben. Erst durcli 

 dièse Verwandtschaftwird die nicht unterschàtzende Uebeinstim- 

 mung der Sphenisci mit den Steganopoden erklarlich und dièse ver- 

 mitteln ihrerseits ,nach unten hin' den Anschluss an die Co- 

 lymbiformes 11 . — „The group to which they (Steganopodes) are most 

 nearly allied", nnuieTi. Beddard 3 ), „ appears to me (as to Forbes 

 andothers) to be the Tubinares. In estimating this affinity Forbes 

 did not, in my opinion, lay sufficient stress upon the ,os uncina- 

 tum'.... In both Fregata and Diomedea this bone connects the lac- 

 rymal with the palatine, the lacrymal itself reaching (or nerlyso) 

 the jugal bar. The palate of Diomedea is remarkably like that of 

 Fregata, which unlike other Steganopodes (except Fhaeton) is not 

 far from being schizognathous, and represents, I am disposed to 

 think, the nearest intermediate form. The grooves, starting from 

 the nostrils und rnnning towards the end of the beak, are also 

 found in the Tubinares (and in the Herodiones 4 ), with which latter 

 group the Steganopodes share the very mucb reduced, and yet ho- 



1) 1. c, p. 128. 



2) Y GAUow'a Steganopodes jib-isiotch noxoTpflxoM-i, Ciconiiformes. 



3) Structure & Classif. of Birds, p. 416-417. 



4) y BEDDARD'a coctoht-l n37. ce.\reficTB-b Scopidcte, Cieoniidae, Ardeida:, 

 Balaenicipidae u Plalaleidae. 



