290 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 
in February, but more often during the second or third week 
in March. A flock numbering over two thousand birds was 
seen on February 21, 1916. By April 15th only stragglers are 
seen. The southward flight passes through in October, tapering 
off into November. A few birds may be found here during mild 
and open winters. 
EUPHAGUS CYANOCEPHALUS (Wagler). Brewer’s Blackbird. 
Rare migrant. 
Three sight records of this bird constitute the only known evi- 
dence of its occurrence here. Since the Brewer’s Blackbird may 
be easily mistaken in the field for the Bronzed Grackle, it may 
often go unnoticed in flocks of the latter. It has been observed on 
the prairie regions of Jackson County once, and in the bottoms 
twice, but no specimens have been taken. It is very desirable 
to obtain more data relative to this species, as well as more sat- 
isfactory proof of its local occurrence. Its migration through 
this region is probably coincident with that of the Rusty Black- 
bird. 
QUISCALUS QUISCULA AENEUS Ridgway. Bronzed Grackle. 
Common summer resident. 
A few hardy and impatient Grackles sometimes arrive late in 
February, but it is usually mid-March before many are present. 
The bulk of the flight arrives still later, during late March and 
the first week in April. The return migration occupies October 
and early November and a few may be present until well into 
December. 
Grackles are very common within the city, where their habit 
of occupying common roosts in shade trees, usually over side- 
walks, makes them a great nuisance. These roosts are not easily 
broken up and many residents of the south side of the city have 
had trying experiences in ridding their neighborhoods of this 
pest. The most effectual method is to shoot Roman-candles into 
the trees after the birds have settled for the night. 
Family FrInGILLIDAE. Finches, Sparrows, ete. 
HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA VESPERTINA (W. Cooper). Evening 
Grosbeak. 
Very rare and irregular winter visitant. 
Only during occasional winters is this district invaded by 
